EDURANT

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EDURANT

Classes

Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI)s

Administration

 
NOTE: Must be administered in combination with other antiretroviral medications; never administer as monotherapy.

Oral Administration

Administer orally with a meal.

Adverse Reactions
Severe

depression / Delayed / 1.0-5.6
suicidal ideation / Delayed / 0.6-2.8
cholecystitis / Delayed / 0-2.0
glomerulonephritis / Delayed / 0-2.0
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) / Delayed / Incidence not known
nephrotic syndrome / Delayed / Incidence not known

Moderate

hypercholesterolemia / Delayed / 0-17.0
dysphoria / Early / 9.0-9.0
elevated hepatic enzymes / Delayed / 0-5.0
cholelithiasis / Delayed / 0-2.0
nephrolithiasis / Delayed / 0-2.0
hypertriglyceridemia / Delayed / 0-2.0
hyperbilirubinemia / Delayed / 1.0-1.0
adrenocortical insufficiency / Delayed / Incidence not known

Mild

headache / Early / 3.0-19.4
drowsiness / Early / 0-13.9
nausea / Early / 1.0-11.1
abdominal pain / Early / 0-8.3
dizziness / Early / 1.0-8.3
vomiting / Early / 1.0-5.6
rash / Early / 3.0-5.6
insomnia / Early / 3.0-3.0
anxiety / Delayed / 0-2.0
diarrhea / Early / 0-2.0
fatigue / Early / 2.0-2.0
abnormal dreams / Early / Incidence not known

Common Brand Names

EDURANT

Dea Class

Rx

Description

Oral, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
Used with other antiretrovirals to treat HIV-1 infection in treatment-naive patients 12 years and older weighing at least 35 kg with HIV-1 RNA of 100,000 copies/mL or less at initiation of therapy; also used with cabotegravir for patients 12 years and older weighing at least 35 kg who are virologically suppressed on a stable regimen with no history of treatment failure and no known or suspected resistance to rilpivirine or cabotegravir
Virologic failures more common if baseline HIV-1 RNA concentrations are more than 100,000 copies/mL

Dosage And Indications
For the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents. For the treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral treatment-naive patients with HIV-1 RNA concentrations less than or equal to 100,000 copies/mL at treatment initiation. Oral dosage Adults weighing 35 kg or more

25 mg PO once daily with a meal.

Children and Adolescents 12 to 17 years weighing 35 kg or more

25 mg PO once daily with a meal.

For the short-term treatment of HIV infection in combination with cabotegravir in patients who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/mL) on a stable regimen with no history of treatment failure and no known or suspected resistance to rilpivirine or cabotegravir. Oral dosage Adults receiving oral lead-in dosing to assess tolerability of rilpivirine prior to administration of cabotegravir; rilpivirine extended-release injection

25 mg in combination with 30 mg of cabotegravir PO once daily starting at least 28 days prior to administering cabotegravir; rilpivirine extended-release injection. Administer the rilpivirine and cabotegravir tablets at approximately the same time each day with a meal. The last oral dose should be taken on the same day the extended-release injections are started.

Children and Adolescents 12 to 17 years weighing 35 kg or more receiving oral lead-in dosing to assess tolerability of rilpivirine prior to administration of cabotegravir; rilpivirine extended-release injection

25 mg in combination with 30 mg of cabotegravir PO once daily starting at least 28 days prior to administering cabotegravir; rilpivirine extended-release injection. Administer the rilpivirine and cabotegravir tablets at approximately the same time each day with a meal. The last oral dose should be taken on the same day the extended-release injections are started.

Adults who will miss planned monthly or every 2 month dosing of cabotegravir; rilpivirine extended-release injection

If a patient plans to miss a scheduled cabotegravir; rilpivirine injection by more than 7 days, give 25 mg in combination with 30 mg of cabotegravir PO once daily as a replacement. The first dose of oral therapy should start at the same time as the planned missed injection. Administer the rilpivirine and cabotegravir tablets at approximately the same time each day with a meal. Continue the oral dose until the day the extended-release injections are restarted. Daily oral rilpivirine plus cabotegravir may be used for up to 2 months to replace missed injection(s). If a duration of longer than 2 months is expected, select an alternative oral regimen, which may include rilpivirine as a component of the regimen.

Children and Adolescents 12 to 17 years weighing 35 kg or more who will miss planned monthly or every 2 month dosing of cabotegravir; rilpivirine extended-release injection

If a patient plans to miss a scheduled cabotegravir; rilpivirine injection by more than 7 days, give 25 mg in combination with 30 mg of cabotegravir PO once daily as a replacement. The first dose of oral therapy should start at the same time as the planned missed injection. Administer the rilpivirine and cabotegravir tablets at approximately the same time each day with a meal. Continue the oral dose until the day the extended-release injections are restarted. Daily oral rilpivirine plus cabotegravir may be used for up to 2 months to replace missed injection(s). If a duration of longer than 2 months is expected, select an alternative oral regimen, which may include rilpivirine as a component of the regimen.

For the treatment of HIV infection in treatment-experienced pregnant patients who are on a stable rilpivirine regimen prior to pregnancy and who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL). Oral dosage Adults

25 mg PO once daily with a meal. Lower exposures of rilpivirine were observed during pregnancy, therefore viral load should be monitored closely.

Adolescents

25 mg PO once daily with a meal. Lower exposures of rilpivirine were observed during pregnancy, therefore viral load should be monitored closely.

For human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prophylaxis† after occupational exposure to HIV. Oral dosage Adults

The US Public Health Service guidelines suggest rilpivirine 25 mg PO once daily in combination with one of the following combinations (in order of preference) as acceptable alternative regimens for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP): tenofovir plus emtricitabine; tenofovir plus lamivudine; zidovudine plus lamivudine; zidovudine plus emtricitabine. However, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute (NYSDOH AI), data on use of rilpivirine containing regimens for PEP are lacking. The WHO and NYSDOH AI recommend use of rilpivirine only after consultation with a clinician experienced in the management of PEP. According to PEP guidelines, individuals potentially exposed to HIV should receive a 3-drug regimen for a total of 28 days; however if tolerability is a concern, use of a 2-drug regimen may be considered and is preferred to prophylaxis discontinuation. Begin prophylaxis as soon as possible, ideally within 2 hours of exposure. If initiation of prophylaxis is delayed (beyond 36 hours or 72 hours after exposure), efficacy of the antiretroviral regimen may be diminished and treatment should be determined on a case-by-case basis. Exposures for which PEP is indicated include: skin puncture by a sharp object that has been contaminated with blood, body fluid, or other infectious material; bite from a patient with visible bleeding in the mouth which causes bleeding by the exposed worker; splash of blood, body fluid, or other infectious material onto the workers mouth, nose, or eyes; exposure of blood, body fluid, or other infectious material on a workers non-intact skin (i.e., open wound, chapped skin, abrasion, dermatitis).

†Indicates off-label use

Dosing Considerations
Hepatic Impairment

Dosage adjustments are not required for mild to moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A and B); rilpivirine has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C).

Renal Impairment

Dosage adjustments are not required for mild to moderate renal impairment. Use with caution in patients with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease and monitor carefully for adverse effects.

Drug Interactions

Abarelix: (Major) Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval, such as abarelix. In addition to avoiding drug interactions, the potential for Torsade de pointes (TdP) can be reduced by avoiding the use of QT prolonging drugs in patients at substantial risk for TdP.
Adagrasib: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of adagrasib and rilpivirine due to the potential for increased rilpivirine exposure and additive risk for QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). If use is necessary, monitor for rilpivirine-related adverse effects and consider taking additional steps to minimize the risk for QT prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A substrate and adagrasib is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Both medications have been associated with QT interval prolongation, however, the degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Adefovir: (Major) Patients who are concurrently taking adefovir (a nucleotide analog) with antiretrovirals (i.e., anti-retroviral non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)) are at risk of developing lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis. Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogs alone or in combination with antiretrovirals. A majority of these cases have been in women; obesity and prolonged nucleoside exposure may also be risk factors. Particular caution should be exercised when administering nucleoside analogs to any patient with known risk factors for hepatic disease; however, cases have also been reported in patients with no known risk factors. Suspend adefovir in any patient who develops clinical or laboratory findings suggestive of lactic acidosis or pronounced hepatotoxicity (which may include hepatomegaly and steatosis even in the absence of marked transaminase elevations).
Aldesleukin, IL-2: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering aldesleukin, IL-2 with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Aldesleukin is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Alfuzosin: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with alfuzosin. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation and alfuzosin may also prolong the QT interval in a dose-dependent manner.
Amiodarone: (Major) Concomitant use of rilpivirine and amiodarone increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. Due to the extremely long half-life of amiodarone, a drug interaction is possible for days to weeks after drug discontinuation. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Amisulpride: (Major) Monitor ECGs for QT prolongation when amisulpride is administered with rilpivirine. Amisulpride causes dose- and concentration- dependent QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval.
Amobarbital: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering barbiturates with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Barbiturates are inducers of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit secretion of gastric acid by proton pumps thereby increasing the gastric pH; for optimal absorption, rilpivirine requires an acidic environment. Coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor and rilpivirine may result in decreased rilpivirine absorption/serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine. (Major) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering clarithromycin with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. When possible, alternative antibiotics should be considered. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Clarithromycin is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations. Also, supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval, such as clarithromycin.
Anagrelide: (Major) Torsades de pointes (TdP) and ventricular tachycardia have been reported during post-marketing use of anagrelide. A cardiovascular examination, including an ECG, should be obtained in all patients prior to initiating anagrelide therapy. Monitor patients during anagrelide therapy for cardiovascular effects and evaluate as necessary. Drugs with a possible risk for QT prolongation and TdP that should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with anagrelide include rilpivirine.
Antacids: (Moderate) Concurrent administration of rilpivirine and antacids may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of antacids for at least 2 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Apalutamide: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of apalutamide and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Apalutamide is a strong inducer of CYP3A4, which is primarily responsible for the metabolism of rilpivirine. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Apomorphine: (Moderate) Exercise caution when administering apomorphine concomitantly with rilpivirine since concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Dose-related QTc prolongation is associated with therapeutic apomorphine exposure.
Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant: (Moderate) Use caution if rilpivirine and aprepitant, fosaprepitant are used concurrently and monitor for an increase in rilpivirine-related adverse effects for several days after administration of a multi-day aprepitant regimen. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate. Aprepitant, when administered as a 3-day oral regimen (125 mg/80 mg/80 mg), is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor and inducer and may increase plasma concentrations of rilpivirine. For example, a 5-day oral aprepitant regimen increased the AUC of another CYP3A4 substrate, midazolam (single dose), by 2.3-fold on day 1 and by 3.3-fold on day 5. After a 3-day oral aprepitant regimen, the AUC of midazolam (given on days 1, 4, 8, and 15) increased by 25% on day 4, and then decreased by 19% and 4% on days 8 and 15, respectively. As a single 125 mg or 40 mg oral dose, the inhibitory effect of aprepitant on CYP3A4 is weak, with the AUC of midazolam increased by 1.5-fold and 1.2-fold, respectively. After administration, fosaprepitant is rapidly converted to aprepitant and shares many of the same drug interactions. However, as a single 150 mg intravenous dose, fosaprepitant only weakly inhibits CYP3A4 for a duration of 2 days; there is no evidence of CYP3A4 induction. Fosaprepitant 150 mg IV as a single dose increased the AUC of midazolam (given on days 1 and 4) by approximately 1.8-fold on day 1; there was no effect on day 4. Less than a 2-fold increase in the midazolam AUC is not considered clinically important.
Aripiprazole: (Moderate) Concomitant use of aripiprazole and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Armodafinil: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering armodafinil with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions about the interaction can be made based on the metabolic pathways of these drugs. Armodafinil is an inducer of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Arsenic Trioxide: (Major) Concurrent use of arsenic trioxide and rilpivirine should be avoided due to an increased risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). If possible, rilpivirine should be discontinued prior to initiating arsenic trioxide therapy. QT prolongation should be expected with the administration of arsenic trioxide. TdP and complete atrioventricular block have been reported. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also caused QT prolongation.
Artemether; Lumefantrine: (Major) Concurrent use of rilpivirine and artemether; lumefantrine should be avoided due to an increased risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Consider ECG monitoring if rilpivirine must be used with or after artemether; lumefantrine treatment. Administration of artemether; lumefantrine is associated with prolongation of the QT interval. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also caused QT prolongation. (Major) Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval, such as artemether. In addition to avoiding drug interactions, the potential for torsade de pointes (TdP) can be reduced by avoiding the use of QT prolonging drugs in patients at substantial risk for TdP. Consider ECG monitoring if rilpivirine must be used with or after artemether; lumefantrine treatment.
Asenapine: (Major) Asenapine has been associated with QT prolongation. According to the manufacturer of asenapine, the drug should be avoided in combination with other agents also known to have this effect. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval, such as asenapine.
Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering barbiturates with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Barbiturates are inducers of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate: (Moderate) Concurrent administration of rilpivirine and antacids may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of antacids for at least 2 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit secretion of gastric acid by proton pumps thereby increasing the gastric pH; for optimal absorption, rilpivirine requires an acidic environment. Coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor and rilpivirine may result in decreased rilpivirine absorption/serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Atazanavir: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering atazanavir with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Atazanavir is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Atazanavir; Cobicistat: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering atazanavir with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Atazanavir is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations. (Moderate) The plasma concentrations of rilpivirine may be elevated when administered concurrently with cobicistat. Clinical monitoring for adverse effects is recommended during coadministration. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and cobicistat is a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4.
Atomoxetine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of atomoxetine and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Azithromycin: (Major) Concomitant use of rilpivirine and azithromycin increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Bedaquiline: (Major) Due to the potential for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), caution is advised when administering bedaquiline with rilpivirine. Bedaquiline has been reported to prolong the QT interval. Prior to initiating bedaquiline, obtain serum electrolyte concentrations and a baseline ECG. An ECG should also be performed at least 2, 12, and 24 weeks after starting bedaquiline therapy. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also caused QT prolongation.
Berotralstat: (Moderate) Coadministration of rilpivirine with berotralstat may result in increased plasma concentrations of rilpivirine, leading to an increase in rilpivirine-related adverse effects. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and berotralstat is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Bexarotene: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering bexarotene with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Bexarotene is an inducer of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium; Metronidazole; Tetracycline: (Moderate) Concomitant use of metronidazole and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at three times the maximum recommended dose.
Bismuth Subsalicylate; Metronidazole; Tetracycline: (Moderate) Concomitant use of metronidazole and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at three times the maximum recommended dose.
Bosentan: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering bosentan with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Bosentan is an inducer of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Buprenorphine: (Major) Concomitant use of rilpivirine and buprenorphine increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Buprenorphine; Naloxone: (Major) Concomitant use of rilpivirine and buprenorphine increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Butabarbital: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering barbiturates with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Barbiturates are inducers of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Butalbital; Acetaminophen: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering barbiturates with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Barbiturates are inducers of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Butalbital; Acetaminophen; Caffeine: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering barbiturates with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Barbiturates are inducers of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Butalbital; Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Codeine: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering barbiturates with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Barbiturates are inducers of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Butalbital; Aspirin; Caffeine; Codeine: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering barbiturates with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Barbiturates are inducers of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Calcium Carbonate: (Moderate) Concurrent administration of rilpivirine and antacids may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of antacids for at least 2 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Calcium Carbonate; Famotidine; Magnesium Hydroxide: (Moderate) Coadministration with famotidine may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of famotidine for at least 12 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine. (Moderate) Concurrent administration of rilpivirine and antacids may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of antacids for at least 2 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Calcium Carbonate; Magnesium Hydroxide: (Moderate) Concurrent administration of rilpivirine and antacids may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of antacids for at least 2 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Calcium Carbonate; Magnesium Hydroxide; Simethicone: (Moderate) Concurrent administration of rilpivirine and antacids may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of antacids for at least 2 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Calcium Carbonate; Simethicone: (Moderate) Concurrent administration of rilpivirine and antacids may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of antacids for at least 2 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Calcium; Vitamin D: (Moderate) Concurrent administration of rilpivirine and antacids may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of antacids for at least 2 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Carbamazepine: (Contraindicated) Coadministration of carbamazepine and rilpivirine is contraindicated due to the potential for loss of virologic response and possible resistance to rilpivirine or the class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and carbamazepine is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Cenobamate: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering cenobamate with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Cenobamate is a moderate CYP3A4 inducer and rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Ceritinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of ceritinib with rilpivirine if possible due to the risk of QT prolongation; plasma concentrations of rilpivirine may also increase. If concomitant use is unavoidable, periodically monitor ECGs and electrolytes; an interruption of ceritinib therapy, dose reduction, or discontinuation of therapy may be necessary if QT prolongation occurs. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate that has been associated with QT prolongation at supratherapeutic doses (75 to 300 mg per day). Ceritinib is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor that has also been associated with concentration-dependent QT prolongation. Coadministration with another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased the AUC of rilpivirine by 1.49-fold.
Chloramphenicol: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering chloramphenicol with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Chloramphenicol is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Chloroquine: (Major) Avoid coadministration of chloroquine with rilpivirine due to the increased risk of QT prolongation. If use together is necessary, obtain an ECG at baseline to assess initial QT interval and determine frequency of subsequent ECG monitoring, avoid any non-essential QT prolonging drugs, and correct electrolyte imbalances. Chloroquine is associated with an increased risk of QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP); the risk of QT prolongation is increased with higher chloroquine doses. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Chlorpromazine: (Major) Concurrent use of chlorpromazine and rilpivirine should be avoided due to an increased risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Phenothiazines have also been associated with QT prolongation and/or TdP. This risk is generally higher at elevated drugs concentrations of phenothiazines. Chlorpromazine is specifically associated with an established risk of QT prolongation and TdP; case reports have included patients receiving therapeutic doses of chlorpromazine.
Cimetidine: (Moderate) Coadministration with cimetidine may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of H2 receptor antagonist for at least 12 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Ciprofloxacin: (Moderate) Concomitant use of ciprofloxacin and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Cisapride: (Contraindicated) Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Because of the potential for torsades de pointes, use of cisapride with rilpivirine is contraindicated.
Citalopram: (Major) Concomitant use of rilpivirine and citalopram increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Clarithromycin: (Major) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering clarithromycin with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. When possible, alternative antibiotics should be considered. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Clarithromycin is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations. Also, supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval, such as clarithromycin.
Class IA Antiarrhythmics: (Major) Rilpivirine should be used cautiously with Class IA antiarrhythmics (disopyramide, procainamide, quinidine). Class IA antiarrhythmics are associated with QT prolongation and torsades de pointes (TdP). Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval.
Clofazimine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of clofazimine and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Clozapine: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with clozapine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Treatment with clozapine has been associated with QT prolongation, torsade de pointes (TdP), cardiac arrest, and sudden death.
Cobicistat: (Moderate) The plasma concentrations of rilpivirine may be elevated when administered concurrently with cobicistat. Clinical monitoring for adverse effects is recommended during coadministration. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and cobicistat is a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4.
Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of promethazine and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Codeine; Promethazine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of promethazine and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Conivaptan: (Moderate) Coadministration of rilpivirine with conivaptan may result in increased plasma concentrations of rilpivirine, leading to an increase in rilpivirine-related adverse effects. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A substrate and conivaptan is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor.
Crizotinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of crizotinib with rilpivirine due to the risk of QT prolongation; exposure to rilpivirine may also increase. If concomitant use is unavoidable, monitor ECGs for QT prolongation and monitor electrolytes. An interruption of therapy, dose reduction, or discontinuation of therapy may be necessary for crizotinib if QT prolongation occurs. Crizotinib is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor that has been associated with concentration-dependent QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also caused QT prolongation; rilpivirine is also a CYP3A4 substrate.
Dabrafenib: (Major) The concomitant use of dabrafenib and rilpivirine may lead to decreased rilpivirine concentrations and loss of virologic response. Consider use of an alternative agent. If concomitant use of these agents is unavoidable, monitor patients for loss of rilpivirine efficacy. Dabrafenib is a moderate CYP3A4 inducer and rilpivirine is a moderately sensitive CYP3A4 substrate.
Danazol: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering danazol with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Danazol is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Darunavir: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering the combination of darunavir and ritonavir with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Dosage adjustments are not recommended. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Darunavir and ritonavir are inhibitors of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Darunavir; Cobicistat: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering the combination of darunavir and ritonavir with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Dosage adjustments are not recommended. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Darunavir and ritonavir are inhibitors of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations. (Moderate) The plasma concentrations of rilpivirine may be elevated when administered concurrently with cobicistat. Clinical monitoring for adverse effects is recommended during coadministration. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and cobicistat is a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4.
Darunavir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir alafenamide: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering the combination of darunavir and ritonavir with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Dosage adjustments are not recommended. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Darunavir and ritonavir are inhibitors of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations. (Moderate) The plasma concentrations of rilpivirine may be elevated when administered concurrently with cobicistat. Clinical monitoring for adverse effects is recommended during coadministration. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and cobicistat is a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4.
Dasatinib: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with dasatinib as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. In vitro studies have shown that dasatinib has the potential to prolong the QT interval.
Degarelix: (Moderate) Consider whether the benefits of androgen deprivation therapy outweigh the potential risks in patients receiving rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Androgen deprivation therapy (i.e., degarelix) may prolong the QT/QTc interval. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Delavirdine: (Major) Coadministration of delavirdine and rilpivirine is not recommended. If they are coadministered, close clinical monitoring is advised due to the increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Delavirdine is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Desflurane: (Major) Halogenated anesthetics should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with rilpivirine. Halogenated anesthetics can prolong the QT interval. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval.
Deutetrabenazine: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with deutetrabenazine. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Deutetrabenazine may prolong the QT interval, but the degree of QT prolongation is not clinically significant when deutetrabenazine is administered within the recommended dosage range.
Dexamethasone: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of dexamethasone (more than 1 dose) and rilpivirine is contraindicated. Concomitant use may decrease the exposure and efficacy of rilpivirine leading to potential development of viral resistance. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A substrate and dexamethasone is an inducer of CYP3A4.
Dexlansoprazole: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit secretion of gastric acid by proton pumps thereby increasing the gastric pH; for optimal absorption, rilpivirine requires an acidic environment. Coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor and rilpivirine may result in decreased rilpivirine absorption/serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Dexmedetomidine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of dexmedetomidine and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Dextromethorphan; Quinidine: (Major) Rilpivirine should be used cautiously with Class IA antiarrhythmics (disopyramide, procainamide, quinidine). Class IA antiarrhythmics are associated with QT prolongation and torsades de pointes (TdP). Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval.
Didanosine, ddI: (Moderate) While no dosage adjustments are required, because didanosine, ddI is administered on an empty stomach and rilpivirine is given with food, do not give didanosine within at least two hours before or at least four hours after rilpivirine.
Diltiazem: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering diltiazem with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Diltiazem is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Disopyramide: (Major) Rilpivirine should be used cautiously with Class IA antiarrhythmics (disopyramide, procainamide, quinidine). Class IA antiarrhythmics are associated with QT prolongation and torsades de pointes (TdP). Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval.
Dofetilide: (Major) Coadministration of dofetilide and rilpivirine is not recommended as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Dofetilide, a Class III antiarrhythmic agent, is associated with a well-established risk of QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Dolasetron: (Moderate) Administer dolasetron with caution in combination with rilpivirine. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Dolasetron has been associated with a dose-dependent prolongation in the QT, PR, and QRS intervals on an electrocardiogram.
Donepezil: (Moderate) Use donepezil with caution in combination with rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Case reports indicate that QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) can occur during donepezil therapy. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Donepezil; Memantine: (Moderate) Use donepezil with caution in combination with rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Case reports indicate that QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) can occur during donepezil therapy. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Dronedarone: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of dronedarone and rilpivirine is contraindicated. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Dronedarone administration is associated with a dose-related increase in the QTc interval. The increase in QTc is approximately 10 milliseconds at doses of 400 mg twice daily (the FDA-approved dose) and up to 25 milliseconds at doses of 1600 mg twice daily. Although there are no studies examining the effects of dronedarone in patients receiving other QT prolonging drugs, coadministration of such drugs may result in additive QT prolongation.
Droperidol: (Major) Droperidol should be administered with extreme caution to patients receiving other agents that may prolong the QT interval. Droperidol administration is associated with an established risk for QT prolongation and torsades de pointes (TdP). Any drug known to have potential to prolong the QT interval should not be coadministered with droperidol. Drugs with a possible risk for QT prolongation and TdP that should be used cautiously with droperidol include rilpivirine. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Efavirenz: (Major) Coadministration of efavirenz and rilpivirine is not recommended as the combined use of two NNRTIs has not been shown to be beneficial. If they are coadministered, close clinical monitoring is advised due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Efavirenz is an inducer of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response. In addition, both drugs have been associated with prolongation of the QT interval. Use of these drugs together may increase the risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP).
Efavirenz; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Major) Coadministration of efavirenz and rilpivirine is not recommended as the combined use of two NNRTIs has not been shown to be beneficial. If they are coadministered, close clinical monitoring is advised due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Efavirenz is an inducer of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response. In addition, both drugs have been associated with prolongation of the QT interval. Use of these drugs together may increase the risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP).
Efavirenz; Lamivudine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Major) Coadministration of efavirenz and rilpivirine is not recommended as the combined use of two NNRTIs has not been shown to be beneficial. If they are coadministered, close clinical monitoring is advised due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Efavirenz is an inducer of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response. In addition, both drugs have been associated with prolongation of the QT interval. Use of these drugs together may increase the risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP).
Elagolix: (Major) The concomitant use of elagolix and rilpivirine may lead to decreased rilpivirine concentrations and loss of virologic response. Consider use of an alternative agent. If concomitant use of these agents is unavoidable, monitor patients for loss of rilpivirine efficacy. Elagolix is a weak to moderate CYP3A4 inducer and rilpivirine is a moderately sensitive CYP3A4 substrate.
Elagolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate: (Major) The concomitant use of elagolix and rilpivirine may lead to decreased rilpivirine concentrations and loss of virologic response. Consider use of an alternative agent. If concomitant use of these agents is unavoidable, monitor patients for loss of rilpivirine efficacy. Elagolix is a weak to moderate CYP3A4 inducer and rilpivirine is a moderately sensitive CYP3A4 substrate.
Eliglustat: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with eliglustat as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Eliglustat is predicted to cause PR, QRS, and/or QT prolongation at significantly elevated plasma concentrations.
Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Alafenamide: (Moderate) The plasma concentrations of rilpivirine may be elevated when administered concurrently with cobicistat. Clinical monitoring for adverse effects is recommended during coadministration. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and cobicistat is a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4.
Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Moderate) The plasma concentrations of rilpivirine may be elevated when administered concurrently with cobicistat. Clinical monitoring for adverse effects is recommended during coadministration. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and cobicistat is a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4.
Encorafenib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of encorafenib and rilpivirine due to the potential for additive QT prolongation. If concurrent use cannot be avoided, monitor ECGs for QT prolongation and monitor electrolytes; correct hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia prior to treatment. Encorafenib is associated with dose-dependent prolongation of the QT interval. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Entrectinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of entrectinib with rilpivirine due to the risk of QT prolongation. Entrectinib has been associated with QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Enzalutamide: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of enzalutamide and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Enzalutamide is a potent inducer of CYP3A4, which is primarily responsible for the metabolism of rilpivirine. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Eribulin: (Major) Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval, such as eribulin. ECG monitoring is recommended; closely monitor the patient for QT interval prolongation.
Erythromycin: (Major) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering erythromycin with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events, including QT prolongation. When possible, alternative antibiotics should be considered. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Erythromycin is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations. Also, supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval, such as erythromycin.
Escitalopram: (Moderate) Concomitant use of escitalopram and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Eslicarbazepine: (Contraindicated) In vivo studies suggest eslicarbazepine is an inducer of CYP3A4. CYP3A4 is primarily responsible for the metabolism of rilpivirine. The related anticonvulsants, carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are contraindicated in combination with rilpivirine. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine. Although not specifically mentioned by the manufacturer of rilpivirine, it may be prudent to avoid coadministration of eslicarbazepine and rilpivirine given the potential for an interaction based on the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drugs.
Esomeprazole: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit secretion of gastric acid by proton pumps thereby increasing the gastric pH; for optimal absorption, rilpivirine requires an acidic environment. Coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor and rilpivirine may result in decreased rilpivirine absorption/serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Etravirine: (Major) Coadministration of etravirine and rilpivirine is not recommended as the combined use of two NNRTIs has not been shown to be beneficial. If they are coadministered, close clinical monitoring is advised due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Etravirine is an inducer of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Famotidine: (Moderate) Coadministration with famotidine may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of famotidine for at least 12 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Fedratinib: (Moderate) Monitor for increased rilpivirine adverse effects if administered with fedratinib. Coadministration may increase rilpivirine exposure. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate; fedratinib is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Fingolimod: (Moderate) Exercise caution when administering fingolimod concomitantly with rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Fingolimod initiation results in decreased heart rate and may prolong the QT interval. Fingolimod has not been studied in patients treated with drugs that prolong the QT interval, but drugs that prolong the QT interval have been associated with cases of TdP in patients with bradycardia. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Flecainide: (Major) Concomitant use of rilpivirine and flecainide increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Fluconazole: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of fluconazole and rilpivirine is contraindicated due to the risk of life threatening arrhythmias such as torsade de pointes (TdP). Fluconazole is an inhibitor of CYP3A4, an isoenzyme responsible for the metabolism of rilpivirine. These drugs used in combination may result in elevated rilpivirine plasma concentrations, causing an increased risk for adverse events, such as QT prolongation. Additionally, fluconazole has been associated with prolongation of the QT interval; do not use with other drugs that may prolong the QT interval and are metabolized through CYP3A4, such as rilpivirine.
Fluoxetine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of fluoxetine and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Fluphenazine: (Minor) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with fluphenazine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Fluphenazine is associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation. Theoretically, fluphenazine may increase the risk of QT prolongation if coadministered with other drugs that have a risk of QT prolongation.
Flutamide: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering flutamide with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Flutamide is an inducer of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Fluvoxamine: (Major) There may be an increased risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) during concurrent use of fluvoxamine and rilpivirine. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Cases of QT prolongation and TdP have been reported during postmarketing use of fluvoxamine. In addition, fluvoxamine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4 and rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Fosamprenavir: (Moderate) Coadministration of rilpivirine with fosamprenavir may result in increased plasma concentrations of rilpivirine, leading to an increase in rilpivirine-related adverse effects. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A substrate and fosamprenavir is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor.
Foscarnet: (Major) When possible, avoid concurrent use of foscarnet with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval, such as rilpivirine. Foscarnet has been associated with postmarketing reports of both QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. If these drugs are administered together, obtain an electrocardiogram and electrolyte concentrations before and periodically during treatment.
Fosphenytoin: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of phenytoin or fosphenytoin and rilpivirine is contraindicated. When these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Phenytoin is a potent inducer of CYP3A4, which is primarily responsible for the metabolism of rilpivirine. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Fostemsavir: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with fostemsavir due to the potential for QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of fostemsavir (2,400 mg twice daily, four times the recommended daily dose) have been shown to cause QT prolongation. Fostemsavir causes dose-dependent QT prolongation.
Gemifloxacin: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with gemifloxacin as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Gemifloxacin may prolong the QT interval in some patients. The maximal change in the QTc interval occurs approximately 5 to 10 hours following oral administration of gemifloxacin. The likelihood of QTc prolongation may increase with increasing dose of the drug; therefore, the recommended dose should not be exceeded especially in patients with renal or hepatic impairment where the Cmax and AUC are slightly higher.
Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin: (Moderate) Use gemtuzumab ozogamicin and rilpivirine together with caution due to the potential for additive QT interval prolongation and risk of torsade de pointes (TdP). If these agents are used together, obtain an ECG and serum electrolytes prior to the start of gemtuzumab and as needed during treatment. Although QT interval prolongation has not been reported with gemtuzumab, it has been reported with other drugs that contain calicheamicin. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Gilteritinib: (Moderate) Use caution and monitor for additive QT prolongation if concurrent use of gilteritinib and rilpivirine is necessary. Gilteritinib has been associated with QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Glasdegib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of glasdegib with rilpivirine due to the potential for additive QT prolongation. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor patients for increased risk of QT prolongation with increased frequency of ECG monitori

ng. Glasdegib therapy may result in QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias including ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Goserelin: (Moderate) Consider whether the benefits of androgen deprivation therapy (i.e., goserelin) outweigh the potential risks of QT prolongation in patients receiving rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Androgen deprivation therapy may also prolong the QT/QTc interval.
Granisetron: (Moderate) Use granisetron with caution in combination with rilpivirine due to the risk of QT prolongation. Granisetron has been associated with QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Grapefruit juice: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering grapefruit juice with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Grapefruit juice is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Halogenated Anesthetics: (Major) Halogenated anesthetics should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with rilpivirine. Halogenated anesthetics can prolong the QT interval. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval.
Haloperidol: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with haloperidol as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) have been observed during haloperidol treatment. Excessive doses (particularly in the overdose setting) or IV administration of haloperidol may be associated with a higher risk of QT prolongation.
Histrelin: (Moderate) Consider whether the benefits of androgen deprivation therapy (i.e., histrelin) outweigh the potential risks of QT prolongation in patients receiving rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Androgen deprivation therapy may also prolong the QT/QTc interval.
Hydroxychloroquine: (Major) Concomitant use of rilpivirine and hydroxychloroquine increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Hydroxyzine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydroxyzine and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Ibuprofen; Famotidine: (Moderate) Coadministration with famotidine may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of famotidine for at least 12 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Ibutilide: (Major) Ibutilide administration can cause QT prolongation and torsades de pointes (TdP); proarrhythmic events should be anticipated. The potential for proarrhythmic events with ibutilide increases with the coadministration of other drugs that prolong the QT interval, such as rilpivirine. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval.
Idelalisib: (Contraindicated) Avoid concomitant use of idelalisib, a strong CYP3A inhibitor, with rilpivirine, a CYP3A substrate, as rilpivirine toxicities may be significantly increased. The AUC of a sensitive CYP3A substrate was increased 5.4-fold when coadministered with idelalisib.
Iloperidone: (Major) Iloperidone has been associated with QT prolongation; however, torsade de pointes (TdP) has not been reported. According to the manufacturer, since iloperidone may prolong the QT interval, it should be avoided in combination with other agents also known to have this effect, such as rilpivirine. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Imatinib: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering imatinib, STI-571 with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Imatinib is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Indinavir: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering indinavir with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Indinavir is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Inotuzumab Ozogamicin: (Major) Avoid coadministration of inotuzumab ozogamicin with rilpivirine due to the potential for additive QT prolongation and risk of torsade de pointes (TdP). If coadministration is unavoidable, obtain an ECG and serum electrolytes prior to the start of treatment, after treatment initiation, and periodically during treatment. Inotuzumab has been associated with QT interval prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Interferon Alfa-2b: (Moderate) Use together with caution and monitor for hepatic decompensation. Interferons and rilpivirine can both cause hepatotoxicity. Patients with chronic, cirrhotic HCV co-infected with HIV receiving antiretroviral agents and alpha interferons appear to be at increased risk for hepatic decompensation (e.g., Childs-Pugh score 6 or more) compared to patients not receiving HAART.
Interferon Alfa-n3: (Moderate) Use together with caution and monitor for hepatic decompensation. Interferons and rilpivirine can both cause hepatotoxicity. Patients with chronic, cirrhotic HCV co-infected with HIV receiving antiretroviral agents and alpha interferons appear to be at increased risk for hepatic decompensation (e.g., Childs-Pugh score 6 or more) compared to patients not receiving HAART.
Interferon Beta-1a: (Moderate) Use together with caution and monitor for hepatic decompensation. Interferons and rilpivirine can both cause hepatotoxicity. Patients with chronic, cirrhotic HCV co-infected with HIV receiving antiretroviral agents and alpha interferons appear to be at increased risk for hepatic decompensation (e.g., Childs-Pugh score 6 or more) compared to patients not receiving HAART.
Interferon Beta-1b: (Moderate) Use together with caution and monitor for hepatic decompensation. Interferons and rilpivirine can both cause hepatotoxicity. Patients with chronic, cirrhotic HCV co-infected with HIV receiving antiretroviral agents and alpha interferons appear to be at increased risk for hepatic decompensation (e.g., Childs-Pugh score 6 or more) compared to patients not receiving HAART.
Interferon Gamma-1b: (Moderate) Use together with caution and monitor for hepatic decompensation. Interferons and rilpivirine can both cause hepatotoxicity. Patients with chronic, cirrhotic HCV co-infected with HIV receiving antiretroviral agents and alpha interferons appear to be at increased risk for hepatic decompensation (e.g., Childs-Pugh score 6 or more) compared to patients not receiving HAART.
Interferons: (Moderate) Use together with caution and monitor for hepatic decompensation. Interferons and rilpivirine can both cause hepatotoxicity. Patients with chronic, cirrhotic HCV co-infected with HIV receiving antiretroviral agents and alpha interferons appear to be at increased risk for hepatic decompensation (e.g., Childs-Pugh score 6 or more) compared to patients not receiving HAART.
Isavuconazonium: (Moderate) Concomitant use of isavuconazonium with rilpivirine may result in increased serum concentrations of rilpivirine. Rilpivirine is a substrate of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; isavuconazole, the active moiety of isavuconazonium, is a moderate inhibitor of this enzyme. Caution and close monitoring are advised if these drugs are used together.
Isoflurane: (Major) Halogenated anesthetics should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with rilpivirine. Halogenated anesthetics can prolong the QT interval. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval.
Isoniazid, INH; Pyrazinamide, PZA; Rifampin: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of rifampin and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Rifampin is a potent inducer of CYP3A4, which is primarily responsible for the metabolism of rilpivirine. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Isoniazid, INH; Rifampin: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of rifampin and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Rifampin is a potent inducer of CYP3A4, which is primarily responsible for the metabolism of rilpivirine. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Itraconazole: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering itraconazole with rilpivirine due to the potential for additive effects on the QT interval, increased exposure to rilpivirine, and decreased exposure to itraconazole. Monitor for breakthrough fungal infections in patients receiving rilpivirine with an azole antifungal. Rilpivirine, a CYP3A4 substrate, and itraconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, are both associated with QT prolongation; rilpivirine dosage adjustments are not recommended. In addition, concurrent use of rilpivirine decreased exposure to another azole antifungal. A similar interaction may occur with itraconazole.
Ivosidenib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of ivosidenib with rilpivirine due to an increased risk of QT prolongation. If concomitant use is unavoidable, monitor ECGs for QTc prolongation and monitor electrolytes; correct any electrolyte abnormalities as clinically appropriate. An interruption of therapy and dose reduction of ivosidenib may be necessary if QT prolongation occurs. Prolongation of the QTc interval and ventricular arrhythmias have been reported in patients treated with ivosidenib. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Ketoconazole: (Contraindicated) Avoid concomitant use of ketoconazole and rilpivirine due to an increased risk for torsade de pointes (TdP) and QT/QTc prolongation. Concomitant use may also increase the exposure of rilpivirine, further increasing the risk for adverse effects. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A substrate and ketoconazole is a strong CYP3A inhibitor.
Lansoprazole: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit secretion of gastric acid by proton pumps thereby increasing the gastric pH; for optimal absorption, rilpivirine requires an acidic environment. Coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor and rilpivirine may result in decreased rilpivirine absorption/serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Lansoprazole; Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit secretion of gastric acid by proton pumps thereby increasing the gastric pH; for optimal absorption, rilpivirine requires an acidic environment. Coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor and rilpivirine may result in decreased rilpivirine absorption/serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine. (Major) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering clarithromycin with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. When possible, alternative antibiotics should be considered. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Clarithromycin is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations. Also, supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval, such as clarithromycin.
Lapatinib: (Moderate) Monitor for evidence of QT prolongation if lapatinib is administered with rilpivirine. Lapatinib has been associated with concentration-dependent QT prolongation; ventricular arrhythmias and torsade de pointes (TdP) have been reported in postmarketing experience with lapatinib. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Lefamulin: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lefamulin with rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor ECG during treatment. Lefamulin has a concentration dependent QTc prolongation effect. The pharmacodynamic interaction potential to prolong the QT interval of the electrocardiogram between lefamulin and other drugs that effect cardiac conduction is unknown. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Lenacapavir: (Moderate) Coadministration of rilpivirine with lenacapavir may result in increased plasma concentrations of rilpivirine, leading to an increase in rilpivirine-related adverse effects. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A substrate and lenacapavir is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor.
Lenvatinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lenvatinib with rilpivirine due to the risk of QT prolongation. Prolongation of the QT interval has been reported with lenvatinib therapy. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also caused QT prolongation.
Lesinurad: (Moderate) Lesinurad may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of rilpivirine; monitor for potential reduction in efficacy. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A substrate, and lesinurad is a weak CYP3A inducer.
Lesinurad; Allopurinol: (Moderate) Lesinurad may decrease the systemic exposure and therapeutic efficacy of rilpivirine; monitor for potential reduction in efficacy. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A substrate, and lesinurad is a weak CYP3A inducer.
Letermovir: (Moderate) A clinically relevant increase in the plasma concentration of rilpivirine may occur if given with letermovir. In patients who are also receiving treatment with cyclosporine, the magnitude of this interaction may be amplified. Rilpivirine is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4. Letermovir is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor; however, when given with cyclosporine, the combined effect on CYP3A4 substrates may be similar to a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Leuprolide: (Moderate) Consider whether the benefits of androgen deprivation therapy (i.e., leuprolide) outweigh the potential risks of QT prolongation in patients receiving rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Androgen deprivation therapy may also prolong the QT/QTc interval.
Leuprolide; Norethindrone: (Moderate) Consider whether the benefits of androgen deprivation therapy (i.e., leuprolide) outweigh the potential risks of QT prolongation in patients receiving rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Androgen deprivation therapy may also prolong the QT/QTc interval.
Levofloxacin: (Moderate) Concomitant use of levofloxacin and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Levoketoconazole: (Contraindicated) Avoid concomitant use of ketoconazole and rilpivirine due to an increased risk for torsade de pointes (TdP) and QT/QTc prolongation. Concomitant use may also increase the exposure of rilpivirine, further increasing the risk for adverse effects. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A substrate and ketoconazole is a strong CYP3A inhibitor.
Lithium: (Moderate) Concomitant use of lithium and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Lofexidine: (Major) Monitor ECG if lofexidine is coadministered with rilpivirine due to the potential for additive QT prolongation. Lofexidine prolongs the QT interval. In addition, there are postmarketing reports of torsade de pointes. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval.
Lonafarnib: (Moderate) Coadministration of rilpivirine with lonafarnib may result in increased plasma concentrations of rilpivirine, leading to an increase in rilpivirine-related adverse effects. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and lonafarnib is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Loperamide: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with loperamide as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. At high doses, loperamide has been associated with serious cardiac toxicities, including syncope, ventricular tachycardia, QT prolongation, torsade de pointes (TdP), and cardiac arrest.
Loperamide; Simethicone: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with loperamide as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. At high doses, loperamide has been associated with serious cardiac toxicities, including syncope, ventricular tachycardia, QT prolongation, torsade de pointes (TdP), and cardiac arrest.
Lopinavir; Ritonavir: (Major) Avoid coadministration of lopinavir with rilpivirine due to the potential for additive QT prolongation. If use together is necessary, obtain a baseline ECG to assess initial QT interval and determine frequency of subsequent ECG monitoring, avoid any non-essential QT prolonging drugs, and correct electrolyte imbalances. Lopinavir is associated with QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Lorlatinib: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering lorlatinib with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Lorlatinib is a moderate CYP3A4 inducer and rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Lumacaftor; Ivacaftor: (Contraindicated) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and rilpivirine is contraindicated, as significant decreases in rilpivirine plasma concentrations may occur. This may result in loss of virologic response and possible resistance to rilpivirine or to the class of NNRTIs. Rilpivirine is primarily metabolize by CYP3A, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Lumacaftor; Ivacaftor: (Contraindicated) Concomitant use of lumacaftor; ivacaftor and rilpivirine is contraindicated, as significant decreases in rilpivirine plasma concentrations may occur. This may result in loss of virologic response and possible resistance to rilpivirine or to the class of NNRTIs. Rilpivirine is primarily metabolize by CYP3A, and lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Macimorelin: (Major) Avoid concurrent administration of macimorelin with drugs that prolong the QT interval, such as rilpivirine. Use of these drugs together may increase the risk of developing torsade de pointes-type ventricular tachycardia. Sufficient washout time of drugs that are known to prolong the QT interval prior to administration of macimorelin is recommended. Treatment with macimorelin has been associated with an increase in the corrected QT (QTc) interval. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Maprotiline: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with maprotiline as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Maprotiline has also been reported to prolong the QT interval, particularly in overdose or with higher-dose prescription therapy (elevated serum concentrations). Cases of long QT syndrome and torsade de pointes (TdP) tachycardia have been described with maprotiline use, but rarely occur when the drug is used alone in normal prescribed doses and in the absence of other known risk factors for QT prolongation. Limited data are available regarding the safety of maprotiline in combination with other QT-prolonging drugs.
Mavacamten: (Moderate) Coadministration of rilpivirine with mavacamten may result in decreased plasma concentrations of rilpivirine, leading to a reduction of antiretroviral efficacy and the potential development of viral resistance. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A substrate and mavacamten is a moderate CYP3A inducer.
Mefloquine: (Moderate) Mefloquine should be used with caution in patients receiving rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. There is evidence that the use of halofantrine after mefloquine causes a significant lengthening of the QTc interval. Mefloquine alone has not been reported to cause QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Methadone: (Major) Close clinical monitoring is advised with coadministration. Use of these drugs together may cause the plasma concentration of methadone to decrease, thereby resulting in decreased methadone efficacy. No dose adjustments are required when initiating concurrent treatment; however, the maintenance dose of methadone may need to be adjusted in some patients. In addition, due to the potential for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with methadone. A careful assessment of treatment risks versus benefits should be conducted prior to coadministration. When initiating concurrent treatment no dose adjustments are required; however, the dose of methadone may need to be adjusted during maintenance therapy. Methadone is considered to be associated with an increased risk for QT prolongation and TdP, especially at higher doses (> 200 mg/day but averaging approximately 400 mg/day in adult patients). Laboratory studies, both in vivo and in vitro, have demonstrated that methadone inhibits cardiac potassium channels and prolongs the QT interval. Most cases involve patients being treated for pain with large, multiple daily doses of methadone, although cases have been reported in patients receiving doses commonly used for maintenance treatment of opioid addiction. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also been associated with prolongation of the QT interval.
Methohexital: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering barbiturates with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Barbiturates are inducers of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Metronidazole: (Moderate) Concomitant use of metronidazole and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at three times the maximum recommended dose.
Midostaurin: (Major) The concomitant use of midostaurin and rilpivirine may lead to additive QT interval prolongation. If these drugs are used together, consider electrocardiogram monitoring. In clinical trials, QT prolongation has been reported in patients who received midostaurin as single-agent therapy or in combination with cytarabine and daunorubicin. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Mifepristone: (Major) Avoid use together if possible due to the risk of elevated rilpivirine exposure and a combined risk for QT prolongation. Consider alternatives to rilpivirine when coadministered with a drug with a known risk of QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), such as mifepristone when it is used for chronic hormonal conditions, such as Cushing's syndrome. Mifepristone is an inhibitor of CYP3A4; rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate. Coadministration is likely to increase rilpivirine plasma concentrations. Monitor for rilpivirine-related side effects, including rash, mood changes or depression, fast, irregular heart rate, and hepatotoxicity. To minimize the risk of QT prolongation, the lowest effect dose of mifepristone should always be used.
Mirtazapine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of mirtazapine and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Mitotane: (Major) Concomitant use of mitotane with rilpivirine should be undertaken with caution due to potential decreased rilpivirine concentrations, leading to a reduction of antiretroviral efficacy and the potential development of viral resistance. The use of rilpivirine is contraindicated with other specific strong CYP3A inducers, including carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin, rifapentine, and St John's wort. Mitotane is a strong CYP3A4 inducer and rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Mobocertinib: (Major) Concomitant use of mobocertinib and rilpivirine increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Modafinil: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering modafinil with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Modafinil is an inducer of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Moxifloxacin: (Major) Concurrent use of rilpivirine and moxifloxacin should be avoided due to an increased risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Moxifloxacin has also been associated with prolongation of the QT interval. Additionally, post-marketing surveillance has identified very rare cases of ventricular arrhythmias including TdP, usually in patients with severe underlying proarrhythmic conditions. The likelihood of QT prolongation may increase with increasing concentrations of moxifloxacin, therefore the recommended dose or infusion rate should not be exceeded.
Nafcillin: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering nafcillin with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Nafcillin is an inducer of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Naproxen; Esomeprazole: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit secretion of gastric acid by proton pumps thereby increasing the gastric pH; for optimal absorption, rilpivirine requires an acidic environment. Coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor and rilpivirine may result in decreased rilpivirine absorption/serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Nefazodone: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering nefazodone with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Nefazodone is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Nelfinavir: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering nelfinavir with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Nelfinavir is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Nevirapine: (Major) Coadministration of nevirapine and rilpivirine is not recommended as the combined use of two NNRTIs has not been shown to be beneficial. Concomitant use may also cause a significant decrease in rilpivirine plasma concentrations and, thus, a loss of therapeutic effect. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A substrate and nevirapine is a weak CYP3A inducer.
Nicardipine: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering nicardipine with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Nicardipine is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Nilotinib: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of nilotinib with other agents that prolong the QT interval, such as rilpivirine. Nilotinib is a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4 and rilpivirine is a substrate of CYP3A4; administering these drugs together may result in increased rilpivirine levels. If the use of rilpivirine is necessary, hold nilotinib therapy. If these drugs are used together, consider a rilpivirine dose reduction and monitor patients for toxicity (e.g., QT interval prolongation).
Nizatidine: (Moderate) Coadministration with nizatidine may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of nizatidine for at least 12 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Ofloxacin: (Moderate) Concomitant use of ofloxacin and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Olanzapine: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with olanzapine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Limited data, including some case reports, suggest that olanzapine may also be associated with a significant prolongation of the QTc interval.
Olanzapine; Fluoxetine: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with olanzapine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Limited data, including some case reports, suggest that olanzapine may also be associated with a significant prolongation of the QTc interval. (Moderate) Concomitant use of fluoxetine and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Olanzapine; Samidorphan: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with olanzapine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Limited data, including some case reports, suggest that olanzapine may also be associated with a significant prolongation of the QTc interval.
Omeprazole: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit secretion of gastric acid by proton pumps thereby increasing the gastric pH; for optimal absorption, rilpivirine requires an acidic environment. Coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor and rilpivirine may result in decreased rilpivirine absorption/serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Omeprazole; Amoxicillin; Rifabutin: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit secretion of gastric acid by proton pumps thereby increasing the gastric pH; for optimal absorption, rilpivirine requires an acidic environment. Coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor and rilpivirine may result in decreased rilpivirine absorption/serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine. (Major) Increase the dose of rilpivirine to 50 mg PO once daily when coadministered with rifabutin. When rifabutin coadministration is stopped, decrease the rilpivirine dose to 25 mg PO once daily. Coadministration of rilpivirine with rifabutin may result in decreased plasma concentrations of rilpivirine, leading to a reduction of antiretroviral efficacy and the potential development of viral resistance. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and rifabutin is a moderate CYP3A4 inducer.
Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit secretion of gastric acid by proton pumps thereby increasing the gastric pH; for optimal absorption, rilpivirine requires an acidic environment. Coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor and rilpivirine may result in decreased rilpivirine absorption/serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine. (Moderate) Concurrent administration of rilpivirine and antacids may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of antacids for at least 2 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Ondansetron: (Major) Concomitant use of rilpivirine and ondansetron increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. Do not exceed 16 mg of IV ondansetron in a single dose; the degree of QT prolongation associated with ondansetron significantly increases above this dose. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Oritavancin: (Major) Rilpivirine is metabolized by CYP3A4; oritavancin is a weak CYP3A4 inducer. Plasma concentrations and efficacy of rilpivirine may be reduced if these drugs are administered concurrently.
Osilodrostat: (Moderate) Monitor ECGs in patients receiving osilodrostat with rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Osilodrostat is associated with dose-dependent QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Osimertinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of rilpivirine with osimertinib if possible due to the risk of QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). If concomitant use is unavoidable, periodically monitor ECGs for QT prolongation and monitor electrolytes; an interruption of osimertinib therapy with dose reduction or discontinuation of therapy may be necessary if QT prolongation occurs. Concentration-dependent QTc prolongation occurred during clinical trials of osimertinib. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also caused QT prolongation.
Oxaliplatin: (Major) Monitor electrolytes and ECGs for QT prolongation if coadministration of rilpivirine with oxaliplatin is necessary; correct electrolyte abnormalities prior to administration of oxaliplatin. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg per day) have caused QT prolongation. QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias including fatal torsade de pointes have also been reported with oxaliplatin use in postmarketing experience.
Oxcarbazepine: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of oxcarbazepine and rilpivirine is contraindicated. When these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Oxcarbazepine is a potent inducer of CYP3A4, which is primarily responsible for the metabolism of rilpivirine. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Ozanimod: (Major) In general, do not initiate ozanimod in patients taking rilpivirine due to the risk of additive bradycardia, QT prolongation, and torsade de pointes (TdP). If treatment initiation is considered, seek advice from a cardiologist. Ozanimod initiation may result in a transient decrease in heart rate and atrioventricular conduction delays. Ozanimod has not been studied in patients taking concurrent QT prolonging drugs; however, QT prolonging drugs have been associated with TdP in patients with bradycardia. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Pacritinib: (Major) Concomitant use of pacritinib and rilpivirine increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Paliperidone: (Major) Paliperidone has been associated with QT prolongation; torsade de pointes (TdP) and ventricular fibrillation have been reported in the setting of overdose. According to the manufacturer, since paliperidone may prolong the QT interval, it should be avoided in combination with other agents also known to have this effect, such as rilpivirine. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. If coadministration is necessary and the patient has known risk factors for cardiac disease or arrhythmias, close monitoring is essential.
Panobinostat: (Major) The co-administration of panobinostat with rilpivirine or emtricitabine; rilpivirine; tenofovir is not recommended; QT prolongation has been reported with panobinostat and rilpivirine. Obtain an electrocardiogram at baseline and periodically during treatment. Hold panobinostat if the QTcF increases to >= 480 milliseconds during therapy; permanently discontinue if QT prolongation does not resolve.
Pantoprazole: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit secretion of gastric acid by proton pumps thereby increasing the gastric pH; for optimal absorption, rilpivirine requires an acidic environment. Coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor and rilpivirine may result in decreased rilpivirine absorption/serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Pasireotide: (Moderate) Use caution when using pasireotide in combination with rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. QT prolongation has occurred with pasireotide at therapeutic and supra-therapeutic doses. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Pazopanib: (Major) Concurrent use of pazopanib and rilpivirine should be avoided due to an increased risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). If these drugs must be continued, closely monitor the patient for QT interval prolongation. Pazopanib has been reported to prolong the QT interval. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also caused QT prolongation. In addition, pazopanib is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4. Coadministration of pazopanib and rilpivirine, a CYP3A4 substrate, may cause an increase in systemic concentrations of rilpivirine.
Peginterferon Alfa-2a: (Moderate) Use together with caution and monitor for hepatic decompensation. Interferons and rilpivirine can both cause hepatotoxicity. Patients with chronic, cirrhotic HCV co-infected with HIV receiving antiretroviral agents and alpha interferons appear to be at increased risk for hepatic decompensation (e.g., Childs-Pugh score 6 or more) compared to patients not receiving HAART.
Peginterferon Alfa-2b: (Moderate) Use together with caution and monitor for hepatic decompensation. Interferons and rilpivirine can both cause hepatotoxicity. Patients with chronic, cirrhotic HCV co-infected with HIV receiving antiretroviral agents and alpha interferons appear to be at increased risk for hepatic decompensation (e.g., Childs-Pugh score 6 or more) compared to patients not receiving HAART.
Peginterferon beta-1a: (Moderate) Use together with caution and monitor for hepatic decompensation. Interferons and rilpivirine can both cause hepatotoxicity. Patients with chronic, cirrhotic HCV co-infected with HIV receiving antiretroviral agents and alpha interferons appear to be at increased risk for hepatic decompensation (e.g., Childs-Pugh score 6 or more) compared to patients not receiving HAART.
Pentamidine: (Major) Due to the potential for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with pentamidine. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Pentamidine has also been associated with QT prolongation.
Pentobarbital: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering barbiturates with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Barbiturates are inducers of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Perphenazine: (Minor) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with perphenazine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Perphenazine is also associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation. Theoretically, perphenazine may increase the risk of QT prolongation if coadministered with other drugs that have a risk of QT prolongation.
Perphenazine; Amitriptyline: (Minor) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with perphenazine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Perphenazine is also associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation. Theoretically, perphenazine may increase the risk of QT prolongation if coadministered with other drugs that have a risk of QT prolongation.
Pexidartinib: (Moderate) Coadministration of rilpivirine with pexidartinib may result in decreased plasma concentrations of rilpivirine, leading to a reduction of antiretroviral efficacy and the potential development of viral resistance. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and pexidartinib is a moderate CYP3A4 inducer.
Phenobarbital: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of phenobarbital and rilpivirine is contraindicated. When these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Phenobarbital is a potent inducer of CYP3A4, which is primarily responsible for the metabolism of rilpivirine. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Phenobarbital; Hyoscyamine; Atropine; Scopolamine: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of phenobarbital and rilpivirine is contraindicated. When these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Phenobarbital is a potent inducer of CYP3A4, which is primarily responsible for the metabolism of rilpivirine. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Phentermine; Topiramate: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering topiramate with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Topiramate is an inducer of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Phenytoin: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of phenytoin or fosphenytoin and rilpivirine is contraindicated. When these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Phenytoin is a potent inducer of CYP3A4, which is primarily responsible for the metabolism of rilpivirine. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Pimavanserin: (Major) Pimavanserin may cause QT prolongation and should generally be avoided in patients receiving other medications known to prolong the QT interval, such as rilpivirine. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Coadministration may increase the risk for QT prolongation.
Pimozide: (Contraindicated) Pimozide is associated with a well-established risk of QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) and coadministration with other drugs associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and TdP, such as rilpivirine, should be avoided.
Pitolisant: (Major) Avoid coadministration of pitolisant with rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Pitolisant prolongs the QT interval. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Ponesimod: (Major) In general, do not initiate ponesimod in patients taking rilpivirine due to the risk of additive bradycardia, QT prolongation, and torsade de pointes (TdP). If treatment initiation is considered, seek advice from a cardiologist. Ponesimod initiation may result in a transient decrease in heart rate and atrioventricular conduction delays. Ponesimod has not been studied in patients taking concurrent QT prolonging drugs; however, QT prolonging drugs have been associated with TdP in patients with bradycardia. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Posaconazole: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of posaconazole and rilpivirine is contraindicated due to the risk of life threatening arrhythmias such as torsade de pointes (TdP). Posaconazole is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, an isoenzyme partially responsible for the metabolism of ripivirine. These drugs used in combination may result in elevated rilpivirine plasma concentrations, causing an increased risk for rilpivirine-related adverse events, such as QT prolongation. Additionally, posaconazole has been associated with prolongation of the QT interval as well as rare cases of TdP; avoid use with other drugs that may prolong the QT interval and are metabolized through CYP3A4, such as rilpivirine.
Primaquine: (Moderate) Exercise caution when administering primaquine in combination with rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Primaquine is associated with QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Primidone: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering barbiturates with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Barbiturates are inducers of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Procainamide: (Major) Rilpivirine should be used cautiously with Class IA antiarrhythmics (disopyramide, procainamide, quinidine). Class IA antiarrhythmics are associated with QT prolongation and torsades de pointes (TdP). Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval.
Prochlorperazine: (Minor) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with prochlorperazine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Prochlorperazine is also associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation. Theoretically, prochlorperazine may increase the risk of QT prolongation if coadministered with other drugs that have a risk of QT prolongation.
Promethazine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of promethazine and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Promethazine; Dextromethorphan: (Moderate) Concomitant use of promethazine and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Promethazine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of promethazine and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Propafenone: (Major) Concomitant use of rilpivirine and propafenone increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Proton pump inhibitors: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit secretion of gastric acid by proton pumps thereby increasing the gastric pH; for optimal absorption, rilpivirine requires an acidic environment. Coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor and rilpivirine may result in decreased rilpivirine absorption/serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Quetiapine: (Major) Concomitant use of rilpivirine and quetiapine increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Quinidine: (Major) Rilpivirine should be used cautiously with Class IA antiarrhythmics (disopyramide, procainamide, quinidine). Class IA antiarrhythmics are associated with QT prolongation and torsades de pointes (TdP). Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval.
Quinine: (Major) Concurrent use of quinine and rilpivirine should be avoided due to an increased risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Quinine has been associated with prolongation of the QT interval and rare cases of TdP. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also caused QT prolongation. In addition, concentrations of rilpivirine may be increased with concomitant use of quinine. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and quinine is a CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Quizartinib: (Major) Concomitant use of quizartinib and rilpivirine increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Rabeprazole: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit secretion of gastric acid by proton pumps thereby increasing the gastric pH; for optimal absorption, rilpivirine requires an acidic environment. Coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor and rilpivirine may result in decreased rilpivirine absorption/serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Ranitidine: (Moderate) Coadministration with ranitidine may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of ranitidine for at least 12 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Ranola zine: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with ranolazine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation; rilpivirine exposure may also increase. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate; supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Ranolazine is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor that is associated with dose- and plasma concentration-related increases in the QTc interval. Although there are no studies examining the effects of ranolazine in patients receiving other QT prolonging drugs concurrent use may result in additive QT prolongation.
Relugolix: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with relugolix. Androgen deprivation therapy (i.e., relugolix) may prolong the QT/QTc interval. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also caused QT prolongation.
Relugolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with relugolix. Androgen deprivation therapy (i.e., relugolix) may prolong the QT/QTc interval. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also caused QT prolongation.
Ribavirin: (Major) The concomitant use of ribavirin and anti-retroviral non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) should be done with caution as both can cause hepatic damage. NNRTIs may cause liver damage in the context of hypersensitivity reactions or by direct toxic effects. Many studies demonstrate that nevirapine is more hepatotoxic than efavirenz. Underlying chronic HCV infection enhances the risk of developing liver enzyme elevations in patients receiving nevirapine. Overall, the HCV-HIV International Panel recommends the management of hepatotoxicity should be based on the knowledge of the mechanisms involved for each drug. Furthermore, they state that there are lower rates of liver-related mortality in coinfected patients taking HAART, even in those with end-stage liver disease, compared with patients not receiving HAART. Closely monitor patients for treatment-associated toxicities, especially hepatic decompensation.
Ribociclib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of ribociclib with rilpivirine due to an increased risk for QT prolongation. Systemic exposure of rilpivirine may also be increased resulting in increase in treatment-related adverse reactions. Ribociclib is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor that has been shown to prolong the QT interval in a concentration-dependent manner. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg per day), a CYP3A4 substrate, have also caused QT prolongation. Concomitant use may increase the risk for QT prolongation.
Ribociclib; Letrozole: (Major) Avoid coadministration of ribociclib with rilpivirine due to an increased risk for QT prolongation. Systemic exposure of rilpivirine may also be increased resulting in increase in treatment-related adverse reactions. Ribociclib is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor that has been shown to prolong the QT interval in a concentration-dependent manner. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg per day), a CYP3A4 substrate, have also caused QT prolongation. Concomitant use may increase the risk for QT prolongation.
Rifabutin: (Major) Increase the dose of rilpivirine to 50 mg PO once daily when coadministered with rifabutin. When rifabutin coadministration is stopped, decrease the rilpivirine dose to 25 mg PO once daily. Coadministration of rilpivirine with rifabutin may result in decreased plasma concentrations of rilpivirine, leading to a reduction of antiretroviral efficacy and the potential development of viral resistance. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and rifabutin is a moderate CYP3A4 inducer.
Rifampin: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of rifampin and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Rifampin is a potent inducer of CYP3A4, which is primarily responsible for the metabolism of rilpivirine. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Rifapentine: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of rifapentine and rilpivirine is contraindicated; when these drugs are coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Rifapentine is a strong CYP3A4 inducer, which is primarily responsible for the metabolism of rilpivirine. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Risperidone: (Moderate) Use risperidone and rilpivirine together with caution due to the potential for additive QT prolongation and risk of torsade de pointes (TdP). Risperidone has been associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation and/or TdP, primarily in the overdose setting. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Ritlecitinib: (Moderate) Coadministration of rilpivirine with ritlecitinib may result in increased plasma concentrations of rilpivirine, leading to an increase in rilpivirine-related adverse effects. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A substrate and ritlecitinib is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor.
Romidepsin: (Moderate) Consider monitoring electrolytes and ECGs at baseline and periodically during treatment if romidepsin is administered with rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Romidepsin has been reported to prolong the QT interval. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Ropeginterferon alfa-2b: (Moderate) Use together with caution and monitor for hepatic decompensation. Interferons and rilpivirine can both cause hepatotoxicity. Patients with chronic, cirrhotic HCV co-infected with HIV receiving antiretroviral agents and alpha interferons appear to be at increased risk for hepatic decompensation (e.g., Childs-Pugh score 6 or more) compared to patients not receiving HAART.
Saquinavir: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use or switching form rilpivirine to saquinavir boosted with ritonavir without a washout period of at least 2 weeks is contraindicated. Taking these drugs together is expected to increase rilpivirine concentrations and increase the risk for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Saquinavir boosted with ritonavir increases the QT interval in a dose-dependent fashion, which may increase the risk for serious arrhythmias such as TdP. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also caused QT prolongation. Before administering saquinavir boosted with ritonavir, perform a baseline ECG and carefully follow monitoring recommendations.
Secobarbital: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering barbiturates with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Barbiturates are inducers of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Selpercatinib: (Major) Monitor ECGs more frequently for QT prolongation if coadministration of selpercatinib with rilpivirine is necessary due to the risk of additive QT prolongation. Concentration-dependent QT prolongation has been observed with selpercatinib therapy. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Sertraline: (Moderate) Concomitant use of sertraline and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose. The degree of QT prolongation associated with sertraline is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 2 times the maximum recommended dose.
Sevoflurane: (Major) Halogenated anesthetics should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with rilpivirine. Halogenated anesthetics can prolong the QT interval. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval.
Siponimod: (Major) In general, do not initiate treatment with siponimod in patients receiving rilpivirine due to the potential for QT prolongation. Consult a cardiologist regarding appropriate monitoring if siponimod use is required. Siponimod therapy prolonged the QT interval at recommended doses in a clinical study. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Sodium Bicarbonate: (Moderate) Concurrent administration of rilpivirine and antacids may significantly decrease rilpivirine plasma concentrations, potentially resulting in treatment failure. To decrease the risk of virologic failure, avoid use of antacids for at least 2 hours before and at least 4 hours after administering rilpivirine.
Sodium Stibogluconate: (Moderate) Concomitant use of sodium stibogluconate and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Solifenacin: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with solifenacin as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Solifenacin has also been associated with dose-dependent prolongation of the QT interval. Torsade de pointes (TdP) has been reported with postmarketing use, although causality was not determined. This should be taken into consideration when prescribing solifenacin to patients taking other drugs that are associated with QT prolongation.
Sorafenib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of sorafenib with rilpivirine due to the risk of additive QT prolongation. If concomitant use is unavoidable, monitor electrocardiograms and correct electrolyte abnormalities. An interruption or discontinuation of sorafenib therapy may be necessary if QT prolongation occurs. Sorafenib is associated with QTc prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also caused QT prolongation.
Sotalol: (Major) Concomitant use of sotalol and rilpivirine increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Sotorasib: (Moderate) Coadministration of rilpivirine with sotorasib may result in decreased plasma concentrations of rilpivirine, leading to a reduction of antiretroviral efficacy and the potential development of viral resistance. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and sotorasib is a moderate CYP3A4 inducer.
St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum: (Contraindicated) Concurrent use of St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum and rilpivirine is contraindicated. When coadministered, there is a potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. St. John's wort appears to be an inducer of CYP3A4, which is primarily responsible for the metabolism of rilpivirine. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations, which could cause impaired virologic response to rilpivirine.
Sunitinib: (Moderate) Monitor for evidence of QT prolongation if sunitinib is administered with rilpivirine. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Sunitinib can prolong the QT interval.
Tacrolimus: (Moderate) Consider ECG and electrolyte monitoring periodically during treatment if tacrolimus is administered with rilpivirine. Tacrolimus may prolong the QT interval and cause torsade de pointes (TdP). Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.
Tamoxifen: (Moderate) Concomitant use of tamoxifen and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Telavancin: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with telavancin as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Telavancin has also been associated with QT prolongation.
Tetrabenazine: (Major) Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Tetrabenazine causes a small increase in the corrected QT interval (QTc). The manufacturer of tetrabenazine recommends avoiding concurrent use of tetrabenazine with other drugs known to prolong QTc such as rilpivirine.
Thioridazine: (Contraindicated) Thioridazine is associated with a well-established risk of QT prolongation and TdP. Thioridazine is considered contraindicated for use along with rilpivirine which, when combined with thioridazine, may prolong the QT interval and increase the risk of TdP, and/or cause orthostatic hypotension.
Ticagrelor: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring for adverse events is advised when administering rilpivirine with ticagrelor. Use of these drugs together may result in elevated rilpivirine plasma concentrations. Ticagrelor is a weak inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4 and drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Rilpivirine is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4.
Tipranavir: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering the combination of tipranavir and ritonavir with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Tipranavir and ritonavir are inhibitors of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Tolterodine: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with tolterodine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Tolterodine has been associated with dose-dependent prolongation of the QT interval, especially in poor CYP2D6 metabolizers.
Topiramate: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering topiramate with rilpivirine due to the potential for rilpivirine treatment failure. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Topiramate is an inducer of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in decreased rilpivirine serum concentrations and impaired virologic response.
Toremifene: (Major) Avoid coadministration of rilpivirine with toremifene if possible due to the risk of additive QT prolongation. If concomitant use is unavoidable, closely monitor ECGs for QT prolongation and monitor electrolytes; correct hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia prior to administration of toremifene. Toremifene has been shown to prolong the QTc interval in a dose- and concentration-related manner. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also caused QT prolongation.
Trandolapril; Verapamil: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering verapamil with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Verapamil is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Trazodone: (Major) Concomitant use of trazodone and rilpivirine increases the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk for QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as electrolyte monitoring and repletion and ECG monitoring, if concomitant use is necessary. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Triclabendazole: (Moderate) Concomitant use of triclabendazole and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Trifluoperazine: (Minor) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with trifluoperazine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Trifluoperazine is also associated with a possible risk for QT prolongation. Theoretically, trifluoperazine may increase the risk of QT prolongation if coadministered with other drugs that have a risk of QT prolongation.
Triptorelin: (Moderate) Consider whether the benefits of androgen deprivation therapy (i.e., triptorelin) outweigh the potential risks of QT prolongation in patients receiving rilpivirine as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Androgen deprivation therapy may also prolong the QT/QTc interval.
Tucatinib: (Moderate) Coadministration of rilpivirine with tucatinib may result in increased plasma concentrations of rilpivirine, leading to an increase in rilpivirine-related adverse effects. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate and tucatinib is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Vandetanib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of vandetanib with rilpivirine due to an increased risk of QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). If concomitant use is unavoidable, monitor ECGs for QT prolongation and monitor electrolytes; correct hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and/or hypomagnesemia prior to vandetanib administration. An interruption of vandetanib therapy or dose reduction may be necessary for QT prolongation. Vandetanib can prolong the QT interval in a concentration-dependent manner; TdP and sudden death have been reported in patients receiving vandetanib. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have also caused QT prolongation.
Vardenafil: (Moderate) Concomitant use of vardenafil and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Vemurafenib: (Major) Due to the potential for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with vemurafenib. If these drugs must be coadministered, ECG monitoring is recommended; closely monitor the patient for QT interval prolongation. Both vemurafenib and supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have been associated with QT prolongation. Also, rilpivirine is a CYP3A4 substrate, while vemurafenib is a CYP3A4 substrate and inducer. Therefore, decreased concentrations of rilpivirine and potential loss of virologic response may occur with concomitant use.
Venlafaxine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of venlafaxine and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. The degree of QT prolongation associated with rilpivirine is not clinically significant when administered within the recommended dosage range; QT prolongation has been described at 3 times the maximum recommended dose.
Verapamil: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering verapamil with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Verapamil is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Voclosporin: (Moderate) Concomitant use of voclosporin and rilpivirine may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Consider interventions to minimize the risk of progression to torsades de pointes (TdP), such as ECG monitoring and correcting electrolyte abnormalities, particularly in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Both voclosporin and rilpivirine have been associated with QT prolongation at supratherapeutic doses.
Vonoprazan; Amoxicillin: (Contraindicated) Concomitant use of vonoprazan with rilpivirine is contraindicated due to the potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Vonoprazan reduces intragastric acidity, which may decrease the absorption of rilpivirine reducing its efficacy.
Vonoprazan; Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin: (Contraindicated) Concomitant use of vonoprazan with rilpivirine is contraindicated due to the potential for treatment failure and/or the development of rilpivirine or NNRTI resistance. Vonoprazan reduces intragastric acidity, which may decrease the absorption of rilpivirine reducing its efficacy. (Major) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering clarithromycin with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. When possible, alternative antibiotics should be considered. Predictions about the interaction can be made based on metabolic pathways. Clarithromycin is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations. Also, supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation; caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with other drugs that may prolong the QT or PR interval, such as clarithromycin.
Voriconazole: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering voriconazole with rilpivirine due to the potential for additive effects on the QT interval, increased exposure to rilpivirine, and decreased exposure to voriconazole. Monitor for breakthrough fungal infections in patients receiving rilpivirine with an azole antifungal. Rilpivirine, a CYP3A4 substrate, and voriconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, are both associated with QT prolongation; rilpivirine dosage adjustments are not recommended. In addition, concurrent use of rilpivirine decreased exposure to another azole antifungal. A similar interaction may occur with voriconazole.
Vorinostat: (Moderate) Caution is advised when administering rilpivirine with vorinostat. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation. Vorinostat therapy is also associated with a risk of QT prolongation.
Voxelotor: (Moderate) Coadministration of rilpivirine with voxelotor may result in increased plasma concentrations of rilpivirine, leading to an increase in rilpivirine-related adverse effects. Rilpivirine is a CYP3A substrate and voxelotor is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor.
Zafirlukast: (Moderate) Close clinical monitoring is advised when administering zafirlukast with rilpivirine due to an increased potential for rilpivirine-related adverse events. Although this interaction has not been studied, predictions can be made based on metabolic pathways. Zafirlukast is an inhibitor of the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4; rilpivirine is metabolized by this isoenzyme. Coadministration may result in increased rilpivirine plasma concentrations.
Ziprasidone: (Major) Concomitant use of ziprasidone and rilpivirine should be avoided due to the potential for additive QT prolongation. Clinical trial data indicate that ziprasidone causes QT prolongation; there are postmarketing reports of torsade de pointes (TdP) in patients with multiple confounding factors. Supratherapeutic doses of rilpivirine (75 to 300 mg/day) have caused QT prolongation.

How Supplied

EDURANT Oral Tab: 25mg

Maximum Dosage
Adults

25 mg/day PO.

Geriatric

25 mg/day PO.

Adolescents

weight 35 kg or more: 25 mg/day PO.
weight less than 35 kg: Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Children

12 years and weight 35 kg or more: 25 mg/day PO.
1 to 11 years or weight less than 35 kg: Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Infants

Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Neonates

Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Mechanism Of Action

Rilpivirine inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Unlike nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), it does not compete for binding nor does it require phosphorylation to be active. Rilpivirine binds directly to a site on reverse transcriptase that is distinct from where NRTIs bind. This binding causes disruption of the enzyme's active site thereby blocking RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities. The 50% maximal inhibitory concentrations (EC50) for wild type laboratory-adapted strains of HIV-1 is 0.73 nanomolar. It has very limited activity against HIV-2 reverse transcriptase with an EC50 ranging from 2,510 to 10,830 nanomolar. Human cellular DNA polymerase alpha, beta, and gamma are not inhibited by rilpivirine.
 
During clinical use, treatment-emergent genotypic and phenotypic resistance occurred more frequently in patients receiving rilpivirine (58%) than in patients treated with efavirenz (45%). Resistance to background antiretrovirals (emtricitabine, lamivudine, tenofovir, abacavir, or zidovudine) developed in 52% of rilpivirine virologic failures compared to 23% in the efavirenz arm. Cross-resistance to efavirenz, etravirine, and nevirapine is likely after virologic failure and development of rilpivirine resistance.
 
Avoid the use of rilpivirine in patients with HIV-2, as HIV-2 is intrinsically resistant to NNRTIs. To identify the HIV strain, The 2014 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for HIV diagnostic testing recommend initial HIV testing using an HIV-1/HIV-2 antigen/antibody combination immunoassay and subsequent testing using an HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay.

Pharmacokinetics

Rilpivirine is administered orally. Following systemic absorption, it is highly protein bound (99.7%), predominantly to albumin. It is unknown if there is distribution into compartments other than plasma, such as cerebrospinal fluid or genital tract secretions. Metabolism occurs primarily via oxidation by the hepatic cytochrome (CYP) P450 3A system. Following administration of a single oral dose, an average of 85% is eliminated via the feces and 6.1% is excreted in the urine. Metabolites account for the majority of the excretion with only 25% of an administered dose excreted as unchanged rilpivirine (25% in feces, less than 1% in urine). The terminal elimination half-life is approximately 50 hours with excretion occurring predominately through the feces.
 
Affected cytochrome P450 isoenzymes: CYP3A
Rilpivirine is primarily metabolized via oxidation by the hepatic cytochrome (CYP) P450 3A system. Rilpivirine is neither an inducer nor an inhibitor of CYP450 isoenzymes.

Oral Route

The absolute oral bioavailability of rilpivirine is unknown; however, the time to reach maximum plasma concentrations (Tmax) is approximately 4 to 5 hours. Compared to fasting conditions, exposure (AUC) is increased by 40% when administered with a normal caloric (533 kcal) or high fat, high caloric meal (928 kcal). Administering with only a protein-rich nutritional drink decreases exposure by 50% when compared with fed conditions.

Pregnancy And Lactation
Pregnancy

Antiretroviral therapy should be provided to all patients during pregnancy, regardless of HIV RNA concentrations or CD4 cell count. Using highly active antiretroviral combination therapy (HAART) to maximally suppress viral replication is the most effective strategy to prevent the development of resistance and to minimize the risk of perinatal transmission. Begin HAART as soon as pregnancy is recognized, or HIV is diagnosed. HIV guidelines recommend rilpivirine-containing regimens as alternative treatment options for use during pregnancy. However, because pharmacokinetic data show decreased rilpivirine exposures during the second and third trimesters, close monitoring of viral loads is recommended during pregnancy (i.e., every 1 to 2 months). Available data from the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry, which includes more than 610 first trimester exposures to rilpivirine, have shown no difference in the risk of overall major birth defects when compared to the 2.7% background rate among pregnant women in the US. When rilpivirine exposure occurred in the first trimester, the prevalence of defects was 1.6% (95% CI: 0.8% to 3%). Regular laboratory monitoring is recommended to determine antiretroviral efficacy. Monitor CD4 counts at the initial visit. Patients who have been on HAART for at least 2 years and have consistent viral suppression and CD4 counts consistently greater than 300 cells/mm3 do not need CD4 counts monitored after the initial visit during the pregnancy. However, CD4 counts should be monitored every 3 months during pregnancy for patients on HAART less than 2 years, patients with CD4 count less than 300 cells/mm3, or patients with inconsistent adherence or detectable viral loads. Monitor plasma HIV RNA at the initial visit (with review of prior levels), 2 to 4 weeks after initiating or changing therapy, monthly until undetectable, and then at least every 3 months during pregnancy. Viral load should also be assessed at approximately 36 weeks gestation, or within 4 weeks of delivery, to inform decisions regarding mode of delivery and optimal treatment for newborns. Patients whose HIV RNA levels are above the threshold for resistance testing (usually greater than 500 copies/mL but may be possible for levels greater than 200 copies/mL in some laboratories) should undergo antiretroviral resistance testing (genotypic testing, and if indicated, phenotypic testing). Resistance testing should be conducted before starting therapy in treatment-naive patients who have not been previously tested, starting therapy in treatment-experienced patients (including those who have received pre-exposure prophylaxis), modifying therapy in patients who become pregnant while receiving treatment, or modifying therapy in patients who have suboptimal virologic response to treatment that was started during pregnancy. DO NOT delay initiation of antiretroviral therapy while waiting on the results of resistance testing; treatment regimens can be modified, if necessary, once the testing results are known. First trimester ultrasound is recommended to confirm gestational age and provide an accurate estimation of gestational age at delivery. A second trimester ultrasound can be used for both anatomical survey and determination of gestational age in those patients not seen until later in gestation. Perform standard glucose screening in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at 24 to 28 weeks gestation, although it should be noted that some experts would perform earlier screening with ongoing chronic protease inhibitor-based therapy initiated prior to pregnancy, similar to recommendations for patients with high-risk factors for glucose intolerance. Liver function testing is recommended within 2 to 4 weeks after initiating or changing antiretroviral therapy, and approximately every 3 months thereafter during pregnancy (or as needed). All pregnant patients should be counseled about the importance of adherence to their antiretroviral regimen to reduce the potential for the development of resistance and perinatal transmission. It is strongly recommended that antiretroviral therapy, once initiated, not be discontinued. If a patient decides to discontinue therapy, a consultation with an HIV specialist is recommended. There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors outcomes in pregnant patients exposed to rilpivirine; information about the registry can be obtained at www.apregistry.com or by calling 1-800-258-4263.

HIV treatment guidelines recommend clinicians provide mothers with evidence-based, patient-centered counseling to support shared decision-making regarding infant feeding. Inform patients that use of replacement feeding (i.e., formula or banked pasteurized donor human milk) eliminates the risk of HIV transmission; thus, replacement feeding is recommended for use when mothers with HIV are not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) or do not have suppressed viral load during pregnancy, as well as at delivery. For patients on ART who have achieved and maintained viral suppression during pregnancy (at minimum throughout the third trimester) and postpartum, the transmission risk from breast-feeding is less than 1%, but not zero. Virologically suppressed mothers who choose to breast-feed should be supported in this decision. If breast-feeding is chosen, counsel the patient about the importance of adherence to therapy and recommend that the infant be exclusively breast-fed for up to 6 months of age, as exclusive breast-feeding has been associated with a lower rate of HIV transmission as compared to mixed feeding (i.e., breast milk and formula). Promptly identify and treat mastitis, thrush, and cracked or bleeding nipples, as these conditions may increase the risk of HIV transmission through breast-feeding. Breast-fed infants should undergo immediate diagnostic and virologic HIV testing. Testing should continue throughout breast-feeding and up to 6 months after cessation of breast-feeding. For expert consultation, healthcare workers may contact the Perinatal HIV Hotline (888-448-8765). There are limited data regarding the use of rilpivirine during breast-feeding and excretion into human breast milk is unknown. Antiretroviral medications whose passage into human breast milk have been evaluated include nevirapine, zidovudine, lamivudine, and nelfinavir.