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Mozobil
Classes
Colony-stimulating Factors
Administration
Hazardous Drugs Classification
NIOSH 2016 List: Group 3
NIOSH (Draft) 2020 List: Table 2
Observe and exercise appropriate precautions for handling, preparation, administration, and disposal of hazardous drugs.
Use double chemotherapy gloves and a protective gown. Prepare in a biological safety cabinet or compounding aseptic containment isolator with a closed system drug transfer device. Eye/face and respiratory protection may be needed during preparation and administration.
Visually inspect parenteral products for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.
Each vial contains 24 mg of plerixafor (1.2 mL of 20 mg/mL solution). For weight-based dosing, the volume (in mL) to be administered is calculated by multiplying 0.012 by the patient's actual body weight (in kg).
Vials are for single-use; after withdrawing the dose, discard any drug remaining in the vial.
Subcutaneous injection:
Administer plerixafor as a subcutaneous injection approximately 11 hours before apheresis.
Observe patients for signs and symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction during and for at least 30 minutes after plerixafor administration.
Adverse Reactions
vomiting / Early / 0-1.0
diarrhea / Early / 0-1.0
nausea / Early / 1.0-1.0
headache / Early / 0-1.0
anaphylactic shock / Rapid / 0-1.0
anaphylactoid reactions / Rapid / 0-1.0
splenic rupture / Delayed / Incidence not known
bleeding / Early / 0-34.0
hematoma / Early / 0-34.0
constipation / Delayed / 0-5.0
erythema / Early / 0-5.0
orthostatic hypotension / Delayed / 0-1.0
dyspnea / Early / 0-1.0
hypotension / Rapid / 0-1.0
hypoxia / Early / 0-1.0
thrombocytopenia / Delayed / Incidence not known
splenomegaly / Delayed / Incidence not known
pruritus / Rapid / 0-34.0
injection site reaction / Rapid / 34.0-34.0
skin irritation / Early / 0-34.0
paresthesias / Delayed / 0-34.0
rash / Early / 0-34.0
fatigue / Early / 27.0-27.0
arthralgia / Delayed / 13.0-13.0
dizziness / Early / 11.0-11.0
flatulence / Early / 7.0-7.0
insomnia / Early / 7.0-7.0
dyspepsia / Early / 0-5.0
abdominal pain / Early / 0-5.0
xerostomia / Early / 0-5.0
hypoesthesia / Delayed / 0-5.0
musculoskeletal pain / Early / 0-5.0
hyperhidrosis / Delayed / 0-5.0
malaise / Early / 0-5.0
syncope / Early / 0-1.0
urticaria / Rapid / 0-1.0
leukocytosis / Delayed / 10.0
nightmares / Early / Incidence not known
Common Brand Names
Mozobil
Dea Class
Rx
Description
Hematopoietic stem-cell mobilizer
Used in combination with a granulocyte-colony stimulating factor to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells prior to an autologous stem-cell transplant in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma or multiple myeloma
Serious hypersensitivity reactions have occurred; monitor patients during and after the subcutaneous injection
Dosage And Indications
NOTE: The FDA has designated plerixafor as an orphan drug to improve the yield of progenitor cells in the apheresis product for subsequent stem cell transplantation following myelosuppressive or myeloablative chemotherapy
weight of 83 kg or less: fixed 20-mg dose or 0.24 mg/kg actual body weight; weight greater than 83 kg: 0.24 mg/kg actual body weight (Max: 40 mg); give the dose subcutaneously once daily for up to 4 consecutive days. Administer plerixafor approximately 11 hours prior to each apheresis. Begin plerixafor therapy after 4 days of filgrastim (G-CSF) 10 micrograms/kg per day; continue G-CSF therapy prior to each apheresis.
Dosing Considerations
Specific guidelines for dosage adjustments in hepatic impairment are not available; it appears that no dosage adjustments are needed.
Estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) > 50 mL/min: No dosage adjustment is necessary.
Estimated CrCl <= 50 mL/min:
weight of 83 kg or less: fixed 13-mg dose or 0.16 mg/kg actual body weight subcutaneously once daily for up to 4 consecutive days.
weight greater than 83 kg: 0.16 mg/kg actual body weight (maximum dose, 27 mg) subcutaneously once daily for up to 4 consecutive days.
Hemodialysis: dosage recommendations in patients on hemodialysis are not provided by the manufacturer.
Drug Interactions
There are no drug interactions associated with Plerixafor products.
How Supplied
Mozobil/Plerixafor Subcutaneous Inj Sol: 1mL, 20mg
Maximum Dosage
<= 83 kg and estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) > 50 mL/min: 0.24 mg/kg (actual body weight) per dose or a fixed 20-mg dose subcutaneously once daily for up to 4 consecutive days.
> 83 kg and estimated CrCl > 50 mL/min: 0.24 mg/kg (actual body weight) per dose up to a maximum of 40 mg per dose subcutaneously once daily for up to 4 consecutive days.
<= 83 kg and estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) > 50 mL/min: 0.24 mg/kg (actual body weight) per dose or a fixed 20-mg dose subcutaneously once daily for up to 4 consecutive days.
> 83 kg and estimated CrCl > 50 mL/min: 0.24 mg/kg (actual body weight) per dose up to a maximum of 40 mg per dose subcutaneously once daily for up to 4 consecutive days.
Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Mechanism Of Action
Plerixafor competitively inhibits the binding of stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) to its receptor, CXC receptor-4 (CXCR4), allowing hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to mobilize into the peripheral blood. Chemokines, specifically the CXC chemokine family, are key regulators of HSC mobilization. The chemokine SDF-1, which contains a CXC sequence, is constitutively expressed by multiple tissues, including bone marrow stromal cells. Its receptor, CXCR4 is a transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor also present on multiple sites, including CD34+ cells. Physiologically, the interaction between SDF-1 and CXCR4 results in chemotaxis, increased survival of HSCs, and the homing of HSCs in the bone marrow environment. Homing of HSCs is caused by SDF-1 located on the surface of endothelial cells and bound to heparan sulphates, interacting with CXCR4 located on HSCs. Engagement of CXCR4, induces a cascade that leads to adhesion and arrest of HSCs. Transendothelial migration and migration to the hematopoietic niche are enhanced by SDF-1 and the gradient caused by the continuous production of SDF-1 by stromal cells. The final anchoring of HSCs in the bone marrow environment occurs as a result of interactions with stromal cells and extracellular matrix, and the continued production of SDF-1. Plerixafor selectively inhibits the binding of SDF-1 to CXCR4, preventing this cascade, and allowing HSCs to mobilize into the peripheral blood, thereby increasing the yield of HSCs for collection.
Pharmacokinetics
Plerixafor is administered subcutaneously. It is up to 58% bound to plasma proteins, has an apparent volume of distribution of 0.3 L/kg, and is predominantly confined to the extravascular space. Plerixafor is not metabolized using human liver microsomes or human primary hepatocytes. The major route of plerixafor elimination is in the urine. In healthy volunteers, approximately 70% of the parent drug was excreted in the urine within 24 hours of a single dose of plerixafor 0.24 mg/kg. The terminal half-life of plerixafor was 3 to 5 hours in healthy subjects and patients. Following a single dose of plerixafor 0.24 mg/kg administered 10 to 11 hours before apheresis, mean peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts were increased by 6.1-fold (standard deviation (SD) of +/- 5.4) and 6.4-fold (SD of +/- 6.8) over a 24-hour period in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma, respectively, in 2 placebo-controlled studies. All patients received pretreatment with filgrastim (G-CSF) and G-CSF was given prior to apheresis. In healthy volunteers who received plerixafor in conjunction with G-CSF, peak CD34+ cell mobilization occurred at 10 and 14 hours after plerixafor administration. The median time to reach 5 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg or greater was 3 days for non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients (weighing 70 kg or less) who received fixed-dose plerixafor (20 mg) or weight-based plerixafor (0.24 mg/kg) in a population pharmacokinetic analysis (n = 61).
Affected cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and drug transporters: none
Based on in vitro assays, plerixafor is not a substrate, inhibitor, or inducer of human CYP450 isozymes or a substrate or inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) at therapeutic concentrations. Therefore, plerixafor is not likely to be affected by concomitant administration of CYP450 inhibitors and inducers or P-gp inhibitors or inducers; it is also not likely to influence the exposure of other drugs. In vitro, plerixafor did not inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 or CYP3A4/5; induce CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4; or act as a P-gp substrate or inhibitor.
Plerixafor exhibits linear kinetics between the 0.04 mg/kg to 0.24 mg/kg dose. The Tmax occurs about 30 to 60 minutes after a subcutaneous dose. In a population pharmacokinetic analysis (n = 61), the mean AUC(0-10 hours) increased by 1.43-fold following fixed-dose plerixafor (20 mg) compared with weight-based plerixafor (0.24 mg/kg) in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma who weighed 70 kg or less.
Pregnancy And Lactation
Plerixafor may cause fetal harm if administered during pregnancy based on data from animal studies. Females of reproductive potential should avoid pregnancy during and after plerixafor therapy. If plerixafor is used during pregnancy, the woman should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. In pregnant rats, plerixafor administration resulted in fetal death, increased resorptions and post-implantation loss, decreased fetal weights, anophthalmia, shortened digits, cardiac interventricular septal defect, ringed aorta, globular heart, hydrocephaly, dilatation of olfactory ventricles, and retarded skeletal development; the majority of these toxicities occurred at doses 10-times the recommended human dose.
Counsel patients about the reproductive risk and contraception requirements during plerixafor treatment. Pregnancy testing is recommended for females of reproductive potential prior to starting plerixafor therapy. These patients should avoid pregnancy and use effective contraception during plerixafor therapy and for 1 week after the final dose. Patients who become pregnant while receiving plerixafor should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.