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A-Methapred
Classes
Systemic Corticosteroids, Plain
Administration
NOTE: Dosage must be individualized and is very variable depending on the nature and severity of the disease, and on the patients response. If therapy is continued for more than a few days, withdrawal must be gradual.
Administer methylprednisolone with meals to minimize indigestion or GI irritation. If given once daily or every other day, administer in the morning to coincide with the body's normal cortisol secretion.
For 'Dose-Packs': Follow the administration and dose titration schedule as indicated on the package.
NOTE: Only methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol) may be administered intravenously. NEVER administer methylprednisolone acetate suspension (Depo-Medrol, Sano-Drol, Methacort, Cortimed, and others) intravenously.
Visually inspect parenteral products for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.
Direct intravenous injection:
Use only methylprednisolone sodium succinate.
Reconstitute with provided diluent or add 2 ml of bacteriostatic water (with benzyl alcohol) for injection.
May be administered undiluted.
Administer directly into a vein over 3—15 minutes. Doses >= 2 mg/kg or 250 mg should be given by intermittent infusion (see below), unless the potential benefits of direct IV injection outweigh the potential risks (e.g., life-threatening shock).
Intermittent intravenous infusion:
Use only methylprednisolone sodium succinate.
Dilute in D5W, 0.9% Sodium Chloride (NS), or D5NS injection. Haze may form upon dilution.
Infuse over 15—60 minutes. Large doses (e.g., >= 500 mg) should be administered over at least 30—60 minutes.
Intramuscular injection:
Use methylprednisolone acetate or sodium succinate.
Shake suspension well before withdrawing into the syringe.
Inject deeply into a well-developed muscle. Rotate sites of injection.
Intra-articular injection:
Use only methylprednisolone acetate.
Using sterile technique, attach a 20—24 gauge needle to an empty syringe and insert the needle into the synovial cavity. Withdraw a few drops of synovial fluid to confirm that the needle is in the joint. With the needle still in place, exchange the aspirating syringe with the syringe containing methylprednisolone and inject the drug into the joint.
Intralesional injection:
Use only methylprednisolone acetate.
Using a tuberculin syringe with a 25-gauge, 0.5-inch needle, inject methylprednisolone intradermally (not subcutaneously).
Adverse Reactions
tendon rupture / Delayed / Incidence not known
bone fractures / Delayed / Incidence not known
avascular necrosis / Delayed / Incidence not known
heart failure / Delayed / Incidence not known
bradycardia / Rapid / Incidence not known
arrhythmia exacerbation / Early / Incidence not known
cardiomyopathy / Delayed / Incidence not known
cardiac arrest / Early / Incidence not known
vasculitis / Delayed / Incidence not known
pulmonary edema / Early / Incidence not known
retinopathy / Delayed / Incidence not known
optic neuritis / Delayed / Incidence not known
visual impairment / Early / Incidence not known
ocular hypertension / Delayed / Incidence not known
esophageal ulceration / Delayed / Incidence not known
peptic ulcer / Delayed / Incidence not known
pancreatitis / Delayed / Incidence not known
GI perforation / Delayed / Incidence not known
seizures / Delayed / Incidence not known
anaphylactoid reactions / Rapid / Incidence not known
skin atrophy / Delayed / Incidence not known
angioedema / Rapid / Incidence not known
papilledema / Delayed / Incidence not known
exfoliative dermatitis / Delayed / Incidence not known
increased intracranial pressure / Early / Incidence not known
thromboembolism / Delayed / Incidence not known
thrombosis / Delayed / Incidence not known
hyperglycemia / Delayed / 10.0
growth inhibition / Delayed / Incidence not known
osteoporosis / Delayed / Incidence not known
impaired wound healing / Delayed / Incidence not known
myopathy / Delayed / Incidence not known
immunosuppression / Delayed / Incidence not known
metabolic alkalosis / Delayed / Incidence not known
hypokalemia / Delayed / Incidence not known
hypocalcemia / Delayed / Incidence not known
sodium retention / Delayed / Incidence not known
hypernatremia / Delayed / Incidence not known
fluid retention / Delayed / Incidence not known
edema / Delayed / Incidence not known
hypertension / Early / Incidence not known
sinus tachycardia / Rapid / Incidence not known
exophthalmos / Delayed / Incidence not known
ocular infection / Delayed / Incidence not known
cataracts / Delayed / Incidence not known
diabetes mellitus / Delayed / Incidence not known
glycosuria / Early / Incidence not known
Cushing's syndrome / Delayed / Incidence not known
constipation / Delayed / Incidence not known
hepatitis / Delayed / Incidence not known
hepatomegaly / Delayed / Incidence not known
elevated hepatic enzymes / Delayed / Incidence not known
gastritis / Delayed / Incidence not known
depression / Delayed / Incidence not known
psychosis / Early / Incidence not known
EEG changes / Delayed / Incidence not known
neuritis / Delayed / Incidence not known
peripheral neuropathy / Delayed / Incidence not known
euphoria / Early / Incidence not known
erythema / Early / Incidence not known
pseudotumor cerebri / Delayed / Incidence not known
physiological dependence / Delayed / Incidence not known
adrenocortical insufficiency / Delayed / Incidence not known
withdrawal / Early / Incidence not known
hypotension / Rapid / Incidence not known
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) suppression / Delayed / Incidence not known
phlebitis / Rapid / Incidence not known
hypercholesterolemia / Delayed / Incidence not known
urinary incontinence / Early / Incidence not known
palpitations / Early / Incidence not known
scleroderma renal crisis / Early / Incidence not known
myalgia / Early / Incidence not known
weakness / Early / Incidence not known
arthropathy / Delayed / Incidence not known
leukocytosis / Delayed / Incidence not known
infection / Delayed / Incidence not known
syncope / Early / Incidence not known
menstrual irregularity / Delayed / Incidence not known
amenorrhea / Delayed / Incidence not known
dysmenorrhea / Delayed / Incidence not known
abdominal pain / Early / Incidence not known
nausea / Early / Incidence not known
vomiting / Early / Incidence not known
anorexia / Delayed / Incidence not known
appetite stimulation / Delayed / Incidence not known
weight gain / Delayed / Incidence not known
diarrhea / Early / Incidence not known
emotional lability / Early / Incidence not known
irritability / Delayed / Incidence not known
vertigo / Early / Incidence not known
restlessness / Early / Incidence not known
insomnia / Early / Incidence not known
headache / Early / Incidence not known
hirsutism / Delayed / Incidence not known
skin hyperpigmentation / Delayed / Incidence not known
ecchymosis / Delayed / Incidence not known
striae / Delayed / Incidence not known
diaphoresis / Early / Incidence not known
acne vulgaris / Delayed / Incidence not known
xerosis / Delayed / Incidence not known
rash / Early / Incidence not known
paresthesias / Delayed / Incidence not known
alopecia / Delayed / Incidence not known
hypertrichosis / Delayed / Incidence not known
petechiae / Delayed / Incidence not known
urticaria / Rapid / Incidence not known
injection site reaction / Rapid / Incidence not known
skin hypopigmentation / Delayed / Incidence not known
arthralgia / Delayed / Incidence not known
fever / Early / Incidence not known
lethargy / Early / Incidence not known
malaise / Early / Incidence not known
hiccups / Early / Incidence not known
urinary urgency / Early / Incidence not known
lactose intolerance / Early / Incidence not known
Common Brand Names
A-Methapred, Depmedalone-40, Depmedalone-80, Depo-Medrol, Medrol, Medrol Dosepak, Solu-Medrol
Dea Class
Rx
Description
Oral and parenteral synthetic glucocorticoid with little mineralocorticoid activity
Used in many allergic, dermatologic and inflammatory conditions in adult and pediatric patients when systemic therapy is required
Commonly used parenterally when a patient cannot take oral prednisone
Dosage And Indications
40 to 80 mg/day IV or IM in 1 to 2 divided doses until peak expiratory flow is 70% of predicted or personal best is recommended by the NAEPP.
2 mg/kg IV, IM, or IO load (Max: 60 mg/dose), then 0.5 mg/kg/dose IV every 6 hours or 1 mg/kg/dose IV every 12 hours (Max: 120 mg/day). Some experts recommend 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 to 6 hours.
40 to 80 mg/day PO in 1 to 2 divided doses for 5 to 10 days.
40 to 80 mg/day PO in 1 to 2 divided doses for 3 to 10 days.[33558] [64934]
1 to 2 mg/kg/day (Max: 60 mg/day) PO in 1 to 2 divided doses for 3 to 10 days.[33558] [64934]
40 to 80 mg/day IV or IM in 1 to 2 divided doses for 5 to 10 days.
40 to 80 mg/day IV or IM in 1 to 2 divided doses for 3 to 10 days.
1 to 2 mg/kg/day (Max: 60 mg/day) IV or IM in 1 to 2 divided doses for 3 to 10 days.[33558]
1 to 2 mg/kg/day (Max: 60 mg/day) IV or IM in 1 to 2 divided doses for 3 to 10 days.[33558] May consider 1 mg/kg/dose IV every 6 hours on day 1.
240 mg IM as a single dose may be used in place of a short burst of oral steroids for persons who are vomiting or if compliance is an issue.
240 mg IM as a single dose may be used in place of a short burst of oral steroids for persons who are vomiting or if compliance is an issue.
7.5 mg/kg/dose (Max: 240 mg/dose) IM as a single dose may be used in place of a short burst of oral steroids for persons who are vomiting or if compliance is an issue.
Corticosteroid use in ARDS is controversial. If there are no signs of improvement 7 to 14 days after ARDS onset, 1.6 to 3.2 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses for 7 to 14 days has been recommended. Alternatively, a tapered dosage (2 mg/kg/day on days 1 to 14; 1 mg/kg/day on days 15 to 21; 0.5 mg/kg/day on days 22 to 28; 0.25 mg/kg/day on days 29 to 30; 0.125 mg/kg/day on days 31 to 32) is used. Initiate with the IV route, given in 4 divided doses; PO doses are administered as a single daily dose.
7.5 to 60 mg PO once daily or every other day as needed for symptom control. Use the lowest effective dose; alternate day therapy may produce less adrenal suppression. Consider add-on low dose oral corticosteroids (7.5 mg/day or less of prednisone equivalent) only for those with poor symptom control and/or frequent exacerbation despite good inhaler technique and treatment adherence. Add corticosteroids only after exclusion of other contributory factors and consideration of other add-on treatments.
7.5 to 60 mg PO once daily or every other day as needed for symptom control. Use the lowest effective dose; alternate day therapy may produce less adrenal suppression. In pediatric patients, the use of oral corticosteroids is usually limited to a few weeks until asthma control is improved and the patient can be stabilized on other, preferred treatments.
0.25 to 2 mg/kg/dose (Usual Max: 40 mg/dose) PO once daily or every other day as needed for symptom control. Use the lowest effective dose; alternate day therapy may produce less adrenal suppression. In pediatric patients, the use of oral corticosteroids is usually limited to a few weeks until asthma control is improved and the patient can be stabilized on other, preferred treatments.
0.25 to 2 mg/kg/dose (Usual Max: 30 mg/dose) PO once daily or every other day as needed for symptom control. Use the lowest effective dose; alternate day therapy may produce less adrenal suppression. In pediatric patients, the use of oral corticosteroids is usually limited to a few weeks until asthma control is improved and the patient can be stabilized on other, preferred treatments.
0.25 to 2 mg/kg/dose (Usual Max: 20 mg/dose) PO once daily or every other day as needed for symptom control. Use the lowest effective dose; alternate day therapy may produce less adrenal suppression. In pediatric patients, the use of oral corticosteroids is usually limited to a few weeks until asthma control is improved and the patient can be stabilized on other, preferred treatments.
4 to 48 mg, depending on disease treated, PO per day administered in 4 divided doses.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day PO, given in divided doses every 6 to 12 hours.
Initially, 10 to 40 mg IV or IM. Subsequent IV/IM doses are determined by response and condition.
In pediatric patients, the initial dose range is 0.11 to 1.6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in 3 or 4 divided doses (3.2 to 48 mg/m2/day). Adjust to patient condition and response.
10 to 120 mg IM. Frequency of dosing varies with the condition being treated and patient response.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day IM (a single injection during each 24-hour period equal to the total daily oral dose is usually sufficient). Determine need for repeat IM doses based on condition and patient response.
Initially, 24 to 32 mg PO per day. Alternatively, 40 to 48 mg PO every other day has also been used. Taper after several weeks to the lowest effective maintenance dose (often 8 to 12 mg PO every other day). Treatment with corticosteroids is usually indicated only if elevated calcium is present or if there is a decline in the function of a vital organ (lungs, kidneys, eyes, heart, or CNS).
A dose of 30 mg/kg IV once a week for 6 weeks, with or without oral maintenance corticosteroid therapy, has been used. Therapy produced immediate improvement in all patients, however, 66% relapsed 1 year later. One patient without oral maintenance corticosteroids and 3 patients with oral maintenance corticosteroids showed persistent improvement. Treatment with corticosteroids is usually indicated only if elevated calcium is present or if there is a decline in the function of a vital organ (lungs, kidneys, eyes, heart, or CNS).
48 mg/day PO in divided doses after response is achieved with IV therapy, initially. The maximum recommended duration at full dose is 2 weeks. Taper dose by 4 to 8 mg/week until complete discontinuation within 8 to 12 weeks. Systemic corticosteroids are helpful to induce remission. Because of the potential complications of steroid use, steroids should be used selectively and in the lowest dose possible for the shortest duration as possible.
1 to 1.5 mg/kg/day (Max: 60 mg/day) PO in 1 to 2 divided doses for 2 to 4 weeks, initially; after response is achieved, taper dose over several weeks for inflammatory bowel disease in pediatrics. Usual dose: 0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day PO in divided doses. Because of the potential complications of steroid use, steroids should be used selectively and in the lowest dose possible for the shortest duration as possible.
0.75 to 1 mg/kg/day (Max: 60 to 80 mg/day) IV once daily, initially. The maximum recommended duration at full dose is 2 weeks; transition to oral therapy once a response is achieved, and then taper dose over 8 to 12 weeks. Systemic corticosteroids are helpful to induce remission. Because of the potential complications of steroid use, steroids should be used selectively and in the lowest dose possible for the shortest duration as possible.
1 to 1.5 mg/kg/day (Max: 60 mg/day) IV or IM in 1 to 2 divided doses for 2 to 4 weeks, initially; transition to oral therapy once a response is achieved, and then taper dose over several weeks. Because of the potential complications of steroid use, steroids should be used selectively and in the lowest dose possible for the shortest duration as possible.
Initially, 12 to 20 mg PO per day. Increase, as needed, by 4 mg PO every 2 to 3 days until there is marked clinical improvement or to a maximum of 40 mg/day PO. Dose is usually continued for 1 to 3 months and then is gradually tapered to an alternate-day dosage. Some clinicians use initial dosages of 48 to 64 mg PO per day with gradual tapering. Although higher initial dosages may provide more rapid benefit, early exacerbations of myasthenic weakness may be more common than with lower initial dosages. The methylprednisolone dosage listed is based on a recommended prednisone dose converted to an equivalent methylprednisolone dose.
Daily doses of 200 mg PO of prednisolone for 1 week, followed by 80 mg PO every other day for 1 month, have been shown to be effective (Determine the equivalent dosage of methylprednisolone; each 4 mg of methylprednisolone is equivalent to 5 mg of prednisolone).
4 to 48 mg/day PO, administered in 4 divided doses. Adjust to response and severity of condition.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day PO, given in divided doses every 6 to 12 hours.
10 to 80 mg at the appropriate site, depending upon degree of inflammation and size and location of affected area. Repeat doses are not usually required for 1 to 5 weeks. Dosage ranges for specific joints: large joints: 20 to 80 mg; medium joints: 10 to 40 mg; small joints: 4 to 10 mg. Suggested intralesional dosage range is 20 to 60 mg.
Initially, 10 to 40 mg IV or IM. Subsequent IV/IM doses are determined by response and condition.
In pediatric patients, the initial dose range is 0.11 to 1.6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in 3 or 4 divided doses (3.2 to 48 mg/m2/day). Adjust to patient condition and response.
10 to 120 mg IM. Subsequent doses may be given determined by patient response and condition.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day IM (a single injection during each 24-hour period equal to the total daily oral dose is usually sufficient). Determine need for repeat IM doses based on condition and patient response.
32 to 80 mg PO per day is usually effective for hypercalcemia due to hematologic cancers. 12 to 24 mg PO per day may be sufficient for other tumors (e.g., breast cancer). The dosage listed is based on a recommended prednisone dose converted to an equivalent methylprednisolone dose.
4 to 48 mg/day PO, administered in 4 divided doses. Adjust to severity of condition and patient response.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day PO, given in divided doses every 6 to 12 hours.
Initially, 10 to 40 mg IV or IM. Subsequent IV/IM doses are determined by response and condition. IM administration is contraindicated in patients with ITP.
In pediatric patients, the initial dose range is 0.11 to 1.6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in 3 or 4 divided doses (3.2 to 48 mg/m2/day). Adjust to patient condition and response. IM administration is contraindicated in ITP.
4 to 48 mg/day PO, administered in 4 divided doses. Adjust depending on severity of the condition treated and patient response. Hydrocortisone and cortisone are the preferred drugs; methylprednisolone has little to no mineralocorticoid properties. For acute conditions, parenteral therapy is recommended. Dosing is highly variable.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day PO, given in divided doses every 6 to 12 hours. Hydrocortisone and cortisone are the preferred drugs; methylprednisolone has little to no mineralocorticoid properties. For acute conditions, parenteral therapy is recommended. Dosing is highly variable.
Initially, 10 to 40 mg IV. Subsequent IV/IM doses are determined by response and condition. Hydrocortisone and cortisone are the preferred drugs; methylprednisolone has little to no mineralocorticoid properties. For acute conditions, parenteral therapy is recommended. Dosing is highly variable.
In pediatric patients, the initial dose range is 0.11 to 1.6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in 3 or 4 divided doses (3.2 to 48 mg/m2/day). Hydrocortisone and cortisone are the preferred drugs; methylprednisolone has little to no mineralocorticoid properties. For acute conditions, parenteral therapy is recommended. Dosing is highly variable.
The optimal dosage has not been established; critically-ill patients may require high doses (e.g., 48 mg PO or IV per day) for 2 or more weeks. The dosage listed is based on a recommended prednisone dose converted to an equivalent methylprednisolone dose.
Glucocorticoids are reserved for severe cases. Although prednisone is commonly used, a methylprednisolone dosage of 16 to 32 mg/day PO has similar potency.
Guidelines suggest methylprednisolone 500 to 1,000 mg/day IV for 3 doses, followed by 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day PO prednisone which is then tapered after a few weeks to lowest effective dose that controls the disease. Used in combination with other induction agents, depending on the severity of the disease.
4 to 48 mg, depending on disease treated, PO per day administered in 4 divided doses.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day PO, given in divided doses every 6 to 12 hours.
Initially, 10 to 40 mg IV or IM. Subsequent IV/IM doses are determined by response and condition.
In pediatric patients, the initial dose range is 0.11 to 1.6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in 3 or 4 divided doses (3.2 to 48 mg/m2/day). Adjust to patient condition and response.
10 to 120 mg IM. Frequency of dosing varies with the condition being treated and patient response.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day IM (a single injection during each 24-hour period equal to the total daily oral dose is usually sufficient). Determine need for repeat IM doses based on condition and patient response.
250 to 1,000 mg IV given once daily or on alternate days for 3 to 5 doses. Renal transplant guidelines recommend corticosteroids for the initial treatment of acute rejection.
4 to 48 mg/day PO, given in 4 divided doses; adjust dose to condition treated and patient response.
0.11 to 2 mg/kg/day PO in 1 to 4 divided doses is the general initial dose range for methylprednisolone. Similar dosing has been used IM or IV if needed.
10 to 120 mg IM. Subsequent IM doses are determined by response and condition.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day IM (a single injection during each 24-hour period equal to the total daily oral dose is usually sufficient). Determine need for repeat IM doses based on condition and patient response.
Short courses of 40 to 125 mg/day IV can be given for the late phase of an acute reaction for drug-induced angioedema failing to respond to epinephrine or H1-blockers. The FDA- approved dosage is 10 to 40 mg IV infused over several minutes.
1 to 2 mg/kg (not to exceed 125 mg/dose) IV or IM load. Follow with 0.5 mg/kg/dose IV every 6 hours or 1 mg/kg/dose IV every 12 hours for 1 to 2 days. Short courses can be given for the late phase of an acute reaction for drug-induced angioedema failing to respond to epinephrine or H1-blockers. The initial FDA- approved dosage is 0.11 to 1.6 mg/kg/day in 3 to 4 divided doses.
1 to 2 mg/kg/dose (Max: 125 mg/dose) IV as a single dose. Subsequent doses are determined by response and condition. Corticosteroids are not indicated as initial treatment for anaphylaxis but can be given as adjunctive therapy after the administration of epinephrine.
1 to 2 mg/kg/dose (Max: 125 mg/dose) IV as a single dose. Subsequent doses are determined by response and condition. Corticosteroids are not indicated as initial treatment for anaphylaxis but can be given as adjunctive therapy after the administration of epinephrine.
4 to 48 mg/day PO, given in 4 divided doses; adjust dose to condition treated and patient response.
0.11 to 2 mg/kg/day PO in 1 to 4 divided doses is the general initial dose range for methylprednisolone.
2.13 mg/kg/day PO with a taper over 6 to 8 weeks. Guidelines recommend as adjunct therapy for meningitis. Routine use outside of CNS involvement is not recommended; however, select patients may benefit.
1.6 to 3.2 mg/kg/day PO for 4 to 6 weeks, then taper over 2 to 4 weeks. Guidelines recommend as adjunct therapy for meningitis. Routine use outside of CNS involvement is not recommended; however, select patients may benefit.
2.13 mg/kg/day IV or IM with a taper over 6 to 8 weeks. Guidelines recommend as adjunct therapy for meningitis. Routine use outside of CNS involvement is not recommended; however, select patients may benefit.
1.6 to 3.2 mg/kg/day IV or IM for 4 to 6 weeks, then taper over 2 to 4 weeks. Guidelines recommend as adjunct therapy for meningitis. Routine use outside of CNS involvement is not recommended; however, select patients may benefit.
2.13 mg/kg/day IM with a taper over 6 to 8 weeks. Guidelines recommend as adjunct therapy for meningitis. Routine use outside of CNS involvement is not recommended; however, select patients may benefit.
1.6 to 3.2 mg/kg/day IM for 4 to 6 weeks, then taper over 2 to 4 weeks. Guidelines recommend as adjunct therapy for meningitis. Routine use outside of CNS involvement is not recommended; however, select patients may benefit.
4 to 48 mg/day PO in 4 divided doses, initially. Taper dose by 4 to 8 mg/week based on clinical symptoms, cumulative steroid exposure, and onset of action of alternate therapies; limit use to the shortest duration possible with early initiation of steroid-sparing therapy. Guidelines recommend oral corticosteroids to induce remission in persons with ulcerative colitis; however, guidelines recommend against systemic corticosteroids for the maintenance of remission.
1 to 1.5 mg/kg/day (Max: 60 mg/day) PO in 1 to 2 divided doses, initially. Usual dose: 0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day. Taper dose based on clinical symptoms, cumulative steroid exposure, and onset of action of alternate therapies; limit use to the shortest duration possible with early initiation of steroid-sparing therapy. Guidelines recommend oral corticosteroids to induce remission in persons with ulcerative colitis; however, guidelines recommend against systemic corticosteroids for the maintenance of remission.
0.75 to 1 mg/kg/dose (Max: 80 mg/dose) IV once daily, initially. Taper dose by 4 to 8 mg/week based on clinical symptoms, cumulative steroid exposure, and onset of action of alternate therapies; limit use to the shortest duration possible with early initiation of steroid-sparing therapy. Guidelines recommend intravenous methylprednisolone in persons with acute severe ulcerative colitis; however, guidelines recommend against systemic corticosteroids for the maintenance of remission.
1 to 1.5 mg/kg/day (Max: 60 mg/day) IV once daily, initially. Alternately, 20 to 30 mg/kg/day (Max: 1 g/day) IV for 3 days (pulse therapy) has also been used. Taper dose based on clinical symptoms, cumulative steroid exposure, and onset of action of alternate therapies; limit use to the shortest duration possible with early initiation of steroid-sparing therapy. Guidelines recommend intravenous methylprednisolone in persons with acute severe ulcerative colitis; however, guidelines recommend against systemic corticosteroids for the maintenance of remission.
4 to 48 mg/day PO in divided doses, initially, depending on the disease being treated. Lower doses are generally sufficient for situations of less severity, while in selected persons higher initial doses may be required. Continue or adjust the initial dosage until a satisfactory response is noted. After a favorable response is noted, determine the maintenance dose by decreasing the dose in small decrements at appropriate intervals until the lowest dose which will maintain an adequate clinical response is reached. If discontinuing after long-term therapy, withdraw the drug gradually rather than abruptly.
0.5 to 2 mg/kg/dose IV or IM as a single dose. The FDA-approved initial dosage is 10 to 40 mg IV or IM, depending on the specific disease being treated. After a favorable response is noted, determine the maintenance dose by decreasing the dose in small decrements at appropriate intervals until the lowest dose which will maintain an adequate clinical response is reached. If discontinuing after long-term therapy, withdraw the drug gradually rather than abruptly.
0.5 to 2 mg/kg/dose IM as a single dose. The FDA-approved initial dosage is 4 to 120 mg IM, depending on the specific disease being treated. After a favorable response is noted, determine the maintenance dose by decreasing the dose in small decrements at appropriate intervals until the lowest dose which will maintain an adequate clinical response is reached. If discontinuing after long-term therapy, withdraw the drug gradually rather than abruptly.
8 mg PO every 6 hours or 16 mg PO every 12 hours for 7 to 10 days. The World Health Organization strongly recommends the use of systemic corticosteroids in patients with severe or critical COVID-19. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 treatment guidelines recommend methylprednisolone as an alternative corticosteroid for hospitalized patients who require supplemental oxygen, including those on high-flow oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The NIH recommends 32 mg PO once daily (or in 2 divided doses) for up to 10 days or until hospital discharge (whichever comes first). The NIH advises clinicians to review the patient's medical history and assess the potential risks and benefits before starting methylprednisolone.
8 mg IV every 6 hours or 16 mg IV every 12 hours for 7 to 10 days. The World Health Organization strongly recommends the use of systemic corticosteroids in patients with severe or critical COVID-19. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 treatment guidelines recommend methylprednisolone as an alternative corticosteroid for hospitalized patients who require supplemental oxygen, including those on high-flow oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The NIH recommends 32 mg IV once daily (or in 2 divided doses) for up to 10 days or until hospital discharge (whichever comes first). The NIH advises clinicians to review the patient's medical history and assess the potential risks and benefits before starting methylprednisolone.
High-dose (pulse doses) of 1 to 2 grams IV once weekly or every other week; however, there is no proven advantage over oral corticosteroids.
30 mg/kg IV given over 15 minutes, followed 45 minutes later by 5.4 mg/kg/hour IV infusion given for 23 hours. Although not widely employed or recommended, the continuous infusion has been repeated for an additional 23 hours in selected patients. Use has been controversial, as small benefits in mortality, motor function, or sensation have not translated to clinically relevant outcomes for long-term recovery, and treatment may result in an increased risk for adverse events such as embolus, hyperglycemia, or infection.
4 to 48 mg/day PO in 4 divided doses. Individualize dose based on the nature and severity of the disease and response.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day PO divided every 6 to 12 hours.
10 to 40 mg IV or IM once daily, initially; after favorable response, decrease initial dose in small decrements at appropriate time intervals until the lowest dose which will maintain an adequate clinical response is reached. Individualize dose based on the nature and severity of the disease and response.
0.11 to 1.6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in 3 or 4 divided doses, initially; after favorable response, decrease initial dose in small decrements at appropriate time intervals until the lowest dose which will maintain an adequate clinical response is reached. Individualize dose based on the nature and severity of the disease and response.
30 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 to 6 hours for 2 to 3 days.
40 to 120 mg IM weekly for 1 to 4 weeks.
0.11 to 1.6 mg/kg/day IM, initially; after favorable response, decrease initial dose in small decrements at appropriate time intervals until the lowest dose which will maintain an adequate clinical response is reached. Individualize dose based on the nature and severity of the disease and response.
500 to 1,000 mg IV once daily for 3 days. The FDA-approved dosage is 30 mg/kg/dose IV every 4 to 6 hours for 2 to 3 days.
30 mg/kg/dose IV once daily for 3 days. The FDA-approved dosage is 0.11 to 1.6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in 3 or 4 divided doses.
4 to 48 mg/day PO in 4 divided doses. Individualize dose based on the nature and severity of the disease and response.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day PO divided every 6 to 12 hours.
20 to 60 mg by intralesional injection; may divide dose for large lesions.
20 to 60 mg by intralesional injection; may divide dose for large lesions.
4 to 48 mg/day PO in 4 divided doses. Individualize dose based on the nature and severity of the disease and response.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day PO divided every 6 to 12 hours.
80 mg IM once weekly, initially; after favorable response, decrease initial dose in small decrements at appropriate time intervals until the lowest dose which will maintain an adequate clinical response is reached.
4 to 48 mg/day PO, administered in 4 divided doses. Adjust to severity of condition and patient response.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day PO, given in divided doses every 6 to 12 hours.
Initially, 10 to 40 mg IV or IM. Subsequent IV/IM doses are determined by response and condition.
In pediatric patients, the initial dose range is 0.11 to 1.6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in 3 or 4 divided doses (3.2 to 48 mg/m2/day). Adjust to patient condition and response.
10 to 120 mg IM. Subsequent doses are determined by patient response and condition.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day IM (a single injection during each 24-hour period equal to the total daily oral dose is usually sufficient). Determine need for repeat IM doses based on condition and patient response.
4 to 48 mg/day PO, administered in 4 divided doses. Adjust to response and severity of condition.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day PO, given in divided doses every 6 to 12 hours.
Initially, 10 to 40 mg IV or IM. Subsequent IV/IM doses are determined by response and condition.
In pediatric patients, the initial dose range is 0.11 to 1.6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in 3 or 4 divided doses (3.2 to 48 mg/m2/day). Adjust to patient condition and response.
10 to 120 mg IM. Frequency of dosing varies with the condition and response.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day IM (a single injection during each 24-hour period equal to the total daily oral dose is usually sufficient). Determine need for repeat IM doses based on condition and patient response.
250 to 1,000 mg IV once daily for 3 to 5 days followed by oral corticosteroid extended taper.
15 to 30 mg/kg/dose (Max: 1,000 mg/dose) IV once daily for 3 to 5 days followed by oral corticosteroid extended taper.
100 to 1,000 mg IV once daily for 1 to 3 days followed by oral corticosteroid extended taper.
30 mg/kg/dose (Max: 1,000 mg/dose) IV once daily for 1 to 3 days followed by oral corticosteroid extended taper.
80 to 120 mg IM once daily for 1 to 3 days followed by oral corticosteroid extended taper.
30 to 45 mg IV 2 to 3 times daily; taper dose after 5 to 7 days over 1 to 2 weeks. A suggested taper is 30 mg IV twice daily on days 1 to 5; then 30 mg IV once daily on days 6 to 10; then 15 mg IV once daily on days 11 to 21. Start therapy as early as possible and within 72 hours after starting specific PCP therapy. Recommended for patients with moderate to severe infection, defined by a PaO2 less than 70 mmHg at room air or an alveolar-arterial DO2 gradient of 35 mmHg or more. The benefits of starting corticosteroids after 72 hours are unclear.
30 to 45 mg IV 2 to 3 times daily; taper dose after 5 to 7 days over 1 to 2 weeks. A suggested taper is 30 mg IV twice daily on days 1 to 5; then 30 mg IV once daily on days 6 to 10; then 15 mg IV once daily on days 11 to 21. Start therapy as early as possible and within 72 hours after starting specific PCP therapy. Recommended for patients with moderate to severe infection, defined by a PaO2 less than 70 mmHg at room air or an alveolar-arterial DO2 gradient of 35 mmHg or more. The benefits of starting corticosteroids after 72 hours are unclear.
1 mg/kg/dose IV every 6 hours on days 1 to 7; then 1 mg/kg/dose IV twice daily on days 8 to 9; then 0.5 mg/kg/dose twice daily on days 10 to 11; then 1 mg/kg/dose IV once daily on days 12 to 16. Start therapy as early as possible and within 72 hours after starting specific PCP therapy. Recommended for patients with moderate to severe infection, defined by a PaO2 less than 70 mmHg at room air or an alveolar-arterial DO2 gradient more than 35 mmHg.
A treatment protocol based on the treatment of 31 patients with probable SARS (diagnosed according to WHO criteria) in Hong Kong, suggests methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg IV every 8 hours for 5 days, followed by 1 mg/kg IV every 12 hours for 5 days, in conjunction with ribavirin, and followed by prednisolone PO to complete a 21-day corticosteroid regimen. Another regimen used ribavirin IV with methylprednisolone 240 to 320 mg daily IV in divided doses or hydrocortisone IV (4 mg/kg every 8 hours, tapered to 200 mg every 8 hours). Other than supportive care, there is no established treatment for SARS. Due to lack of efficacy data, ribavirin and methylprednisolone combination therapy should be reserved for patients with the following: extensive or bilateral chest radiographic involvement; persistent chest radiographic involvement and persistent high fever for 2 days; clinical, chest radiographic, or laboratory findings suggestive of worsening; or oxygen saturation less than 95% on room air.
There is variation in the literature with regard to dosage regimens. Methylprednisolone 125 mg IV every 6 hours for a few days, followed by prednisone or prednisolone tapered over 3 to 6 weeks is commonly reported. Following biopsy to confirm diagnosis, corticosteroids are usually instituted soon afterward. Corticosteroid use is an adjunctive measure; removal of the suspected offending agent /cause is the primary treatment. While many case reports suggest a possible net benefit to the use of corticosteroids for AIN, some experts advocate for more prospective study of their value.
There is variation in the literature with regard to dosage regimens. Methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg IV every 6 hours for a few days, followed by oral prednisone or prednisolone tapered over 3 to 6 weeks has been reported.
2 to 2.5 mg/kg/day IV, tapered slowly over 2 to 3 weeks. Initial doses of 10 mg/kg/day IV have also been used; although there is no definitive data that higher doses are more effective than lo
wer doses. For GVHD limited to the skin, an initial dose of 1 mg/kg/day IV may be used. One study indicated that a cumulative methylprednisolone dose of 2,000 mg/m2 (or roughly 50 mg/kg) is required for complete resolution of acute graft-versus-host disease in most patients.For the treatment of heart transplant rejection†. Intravenous dosage (methylprednisolone sodium succinate injection) Adults
According to guidelines, 250 to 1,000 mg/day IV for 3 days is first line for symptomatic acute cellular rejection irrespective of ISHLT endomyocardial biopsy grade. The regimen should also be used for asymptomatic severe (ISHLT 3R) acute cellular rejection and can be used for for asymptomatic moderate acute cellular rejection (ISHLT 2R). Also consider for hyperacute rejection and for antibody-mediated rejection. A taper can be considered.
4 to 48 mg/day PO, administered in 4 divided doses. Adjust to condition severity and response.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day PO, given in divided doses every 6 to 12 hours.
Initially, 10 to 40 mg IV or IM. Subsequent IV/IM doses are determined by response and condition.
In pediatric patients, the initial dose range is 0.11 to 1.6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in 3 or 4 divided doses (3.2 to 48 mg/m2/day). Adjust to patient condition and response.
10 to 120 mg IM. Subsequent doses are determined by response and condition.
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg/day IM (a single injection during each 24-hour period equal to the total daily oral dose is usually sufficient). Determine need for repeat IM doses based on condition and patient response.
40 to 80 mg as a single injection adjacent to the carpal tunnel. Reassess at 6 to 8 weeks. To avoid median-nerve injury, use specialized administration techniques. Use of 2 or more repeat injections is not advised; local tendon damage may occur. The definitive treatment for median-nerve entrapment is surgery. Corticosteroids are temporary measures; patients who have intermittent pain and paresthesias without any fixed motor-sensory deficits may respond to conservative therapy.
30 mg/kg/dose (Max: 1 gram/dose) IV or IM once daily for 1 to 3 days. High-dose pulse steroids may be considered as an alternative to a second infusion of IVIG or for retreatment of patients who have had recurrent or recrudescent fever after additional IVIG, but should not be used as routine primary therapy with IVIG in patients with Kawasaki disease. Corticosteroid treatment has been shown to shorten the duration of fever in patients with IVIG-refractory Kawasaki disease or patients at high risk for IVIG-refractory disease. A reduction in the frequency and severity of coronary artery lesions has also been reported with pulse dose methylprednisolone treatment.
Dosage not established. 1 or 1.5 mg/kg IV every 8 hours for 6 doses or 30 mg/kg IV every 4 hours for 2 doses has been used.
1 to 2 mg/kg/day IV in 1 to 2 divided doses administered at the same time as IVIG. Increase to 10 to 30 mg/kg/day (Max: 1,000 mg/day) IV for 1 to 3 days in patients with refractory MIS-C who do not improve within 24 hours of initial immunomodulatory therapy. Tapering over 3 weeks is recommended to avoid rebound inflammation. [65720] The National Institutes of Health (NIH) treatment guidelines recommend against the routine use of methylprednisolone monotherapy for the treatment of MIS-C, unless IVIG is unavailable or contraindicated.
16 mg PO every 8 hours for 3 days. Taper over 2 weeks to the lowest effective dose. If beneficial, limit total duration of use to 6 weeks. Considered by experts to be a last-line treatment option for patients who have failed other therapies.
16 mg IV every 8 hours for 3 days. Taper over 2 weeks to the lowest effective dose - may switch to oral therapy if feasible. If beneficial, limit total duration of use to 6 weeks. Considered by experts to be a last-line treatment option for patients who have failed other therapies.
120 to 500 mg/day IV divided every 6 to 12 hours or alternately, 1 mg/kg/dose IV every 24 hours followed by a taper of oral prednisone.
30 to 60 mg/dose IV every 6 to 24 hours or alternately, 1 mg/kg/dose IV every 6 or 24 hours followed by a taper of oral prednisone.
1,000 mg IV once daily for 3 to 7 days, followed by pulse doses or oral corticosteroid extended taper over up to 12 months.
20 to 30 mg/kg/day (Max: 1,000 mg/day) IV for 3 to 7 days, followed by pulse doses or oral corticosteroid extended taper over up to 12 months.
0.6 to 2 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses for several days, followed by oral corticosteroid taper over weeks to months.
500 to 1,000 mg IV for once daily for 3 days, followed by standard dose IV methylprednisolone or oral corticosteroid taper over weeks to months. Corticosteroid therapy duration has been reported from 28 days to 6 months or longer.
10 to 20 mg/kg/dose IV once daily for 3 consecutive days every 3 to 4 weeks until clinical and laboratory resolution.
10 to 20 mg/kg/dose IV once daily for 3 consecutive days every 3 to 4 weeks until clinical and laboratory resolution.
†Indicates off-label use
Dosing Considerations
Specific guidelines for dosage adjustments in hepatic impairment are not available; it appears that no dosage adjustments are needed. There is an enhanced effect of corticosteroids in individuals with cirrhosis.
Renal ImpairmentSpecific guidelines for dosage adjustments in renal impairment are not available; it appears that no dosage adjustments are needed.
Drug Interactions
Abatacept: (Moderate) Concomitant use of immunosuppressives, as well as long-term corticosteroids, may potentially increase the risk of serious infection in abatacept treated patients. Advise patients taking abatacept to seek immediate medical advice if they develop signs and symptoms suggestive of infection.
Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Acetaminophen; Aspirin: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Acetaminophen; Aspirin; Diphenhydramine: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine : (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Acetaminophen; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Acetaminophen; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Acetazolamide: (Moderate) Corticosteroids may increase the risk of hypokalemia if used concurrently with acetazolamide. Hypokalemia may be especially severe with prolonged use of corticotropin, ACTH. Monitor serum potassium levels to determine the need for potassium supplementation and/or alteration in drug therapy.
Adagrasib: (Moderate) Monitor for corticosteroid-related adverse events if methylprednisolone is used with adagrasib. Concurrent use may increase the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A substrate and adagrasib is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Other strong CYP3A inhibitors have been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%.
Aldesleukin, IL-2: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Alemtuzumab: (Moderate) Concomitant use of alemtuzumab with immunosuppressant doses of corticosteroids may increase the risk of immunosuppression. Monitor patients carefully for signs and symptoms of infection.
Aliskiren; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Alogliptin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors: (Moderate) Monitor patients receiving antidiabetic agents closely for worsening glycemic control when corticosteroids are instituted and for signs of hypoglycemia when corticosteroids are discontinued. Systemic and inhaled corticosteroids are known to increase blood glucose and worsen glycemic control in patients taking antidiabetic agents. The main risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids are the dose of steroid and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Altretamine: (Minor) Concurrent use of altretamine with other agents which cause bone marrow or immune suppression such as corticosteroids may result in additive effects.
Amifampridine: (Moderate) Carefully consider the need for concomitant treatment with systemic corticosteroids and amifampridine, as coadministration may increase the risk of seizures. If coadministration occurs, closely monitor patients for seizure activity. Seizures have been observed in patients without a history of seizures taking amifampridine at recommended doses. Systemic corticosteroids may increase the risk of seizures in some patients.
Amiloride; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Aminolevulinic Acid: (Minor) Corticosteroids administered prior to or concomitantly with photosensitizing agents used in photodynamic therapy may decrease the efficacy of the treatment.
Aminosalicylate sodium, Aminosalicylic acid: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Amlodipine; Valsartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole: (Minor) Postmarketing reports of interactions with coadministration of clarithromycin and methylprednisolone have been noted. Clarithromycin is a CYP3A4 inhibitor and may decrease the clearance of methylprednisolone if coadministered.
Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC): (Moderate) The potassium-wasting effects of corticosteroid therapy can be exacerbated by concomitant administration of other potassium-depleting drugs including amphotericin B. Serum potassium levels should be monitored in patients receiving these drugs concomitantly.
Amphotericin B liposomal (LAmB): (Moderate) The potassium-wasting effects of corticosteroid therapy can be exacerbated by concomitant administration of other potassium-depleting drugs including amphotericin B. Serum potassium levels should be monitored in patients receiving these drugs concomitantly.
Amphotericin B: (Moderate) The potassium-wasting effects of corticosteroid therapy can be exacerbated by concomitant administration of other potassium-depleting drugs including amphotericin B. Serum potassium levels should be monitored in patients receiving these drugs concomitantly.
Antithymocyte Globulin: (Moderate) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant: (Moderate) When coadministered with a single dose of fosaprepitant 150 mg IV, reduce the dose of intravenous methylprednisolone by 25% or oral methylprednisolone by 50% on days 1 and 2 for patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and on day 1 for patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC); the manufacturer also makes a general recommendation of a 25% (IV) or 50% (PO) methylprednisolone dose reduction (time frame not specified) when coadministered with an oral aprepitant regimen (125 mg/80 mg/80 mg). Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Aprepitant, when administered as a 3-day oral regimen (125 mg/80 mg/80 mg), is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor and inducer and may increase plasma concentrations of methylprednisolone. A 3-day regimen of oral aprepitant (125 mg/80 mg/80 mg) increased the AUC of methylprednisolone (125 mg IV/40 mg PO/40 mg PO) by 1.34-fold on day 1 and by 2.5-fold on day 3; the effect of other aprepitant, fosaprepitant doses on methylprednisolone pharmacokinetics has not been reported. However, a 5-day oral aprepitant regimen increased the AUC of another CYP3A4 substrate, midazolam (single dose), by 2.3-fold on day 1 and by 3.3-fold on day 5. As a single 125 mg or 40 mg oral dose, the inhibitory effect of aprepitant on CYP3A4 is weak, with the AUC of midazolam increased by 1.5-fold and 1.2-fold, respectively. After administration, fosaprepitant is rapidly converted to aprepitant and shares many of the same drug interactions. However, as a single 150 mg intravenous dose, fosaprepitant only weakly inhibits CYP3A4 for a duration of 2 days; there is no evidence of CYP3A4 induction. Fosaprepitant 150 mg IV as a single dose increased the AUC of midazolam (given on days 1 and 4) by approximately 1.8-fold on day 1; there was no effect on day 4. Less than a 2-fold increase in the midazolam AUC is not considered clinically important.
Arsenic Trioxide: (Moderate) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of arsenic trioxide and corticosteroids as electrolyte imbalance caused by corticosteroids may increase the risk of QT prolongation with arsenic trioxide.
Articaine; Epinephrine: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and epinephrine use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Corticosteroids may potentiate the hypokalemic effects of epinephrine.
Asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi: (Moderate) Concomitant use of L-asparaginase with corticosteroids can result in additive hyperglycemia. L-Asparaginase transiently inhibits insulin production contributing to hyperglycemia seen during concurrent corticosteroid therapy. Insulin therapy may be required in some cases. Administration of L-asparaginase after rather than before corticosteroids reportedly has produced fewer hypersensitivity reactions.
Aspirin, ASA: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine: (Moderate) Coadministration may result in decreased exposure to methylprednisolone. Butalbital is a CYP3A4 inducer; methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for decreased response to methylprednisolone during concurrent use. (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Aspirin, ASA; Dipyridamole: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Atazanavir: (Moderate) Coadministration of methylprednisolone with atazanavir may cause elevated methylprednisolone serum concentrations, potentially resulting in Cushing's syndrome and adrenal suppression. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate; atazanavir is a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4. Corticosteroids, such as beclomethasone and prednisolone, whose concentrations are less affected by strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, should be considered, especially for long-term use.
Atazanavir; Cobicistat: (Moderate) Coadministration of methylprednisolone with atazanavir may cause elevated methylprednisolone serum concentrations, potentially resulting in Cushing's syndrome and adrenal suppression. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate; atazanavir is a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4. Corticosteroids, such as beclomethasone and prednisolone, whose concentrations are less affected by strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, should be considered, especially for long-term use. (Moderate) Coadministration of methylprednisolone with cobicistat may cause elevated methylprednisolone serum concentrations, potentially resulting in Cushing's syndrome or adrenal suppression. Cobicistat is a CYP3A4 inhibitor, while methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Corticosteroids, such as beclomethasone and prednisolone, whose concentrations are less affected by strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, should be considered, especially for long-term use.
Atenolol; Chlorthalidone: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Atracurium: (Moderate) Limit the period of use of neuromuscular blockers and corticosteroids and only use when the specific advantages of the drugs outweigh the risks for acute myopathy. An acute myopathy has been observed with the use of high doses of corticosteroids in patients receiving concomitant long-term therapy with neuromuscular blockers. Clinical improvement or recovery after stopping therapy may require weeks to years.
Azathioprine: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Azilsartan; Chlorthalidone: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Basiliximab: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids have immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives.
Benazepril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Bexarotene: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents, such as bexarotene.
Bismuth Subsalicylate: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Bismuth Subsalicylate; Metronidazole; Tetracycline: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Bisoprolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Bortezomib: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Brompheniramine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Bupivacaine; Epinephrine: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and epinephrine use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Corticosteroids may potentiate the hypokalemic effects of epinephrine.
Bupropion: (Moderate) Monitor for seizure activity during concomitant bupropion and corticosteroid use. Bupropion is associated with a dose-related seizure risk; concomitant use of other medications that lower the seizure threshold, such as systemic corticosteroids, increases the seizure risk.
Bupropion; Naltrexone: (Moderate) Monitor for seizure activity during concomitant bupropion and corticosteroid use. Bupropion is associated with a dose-related seizure risk; concomitant use of other medications that lower the seizure threshold, such as systemic corticosteroids, increases the seizure risk.
Butabarbital: (Moderate) Coadministration may result in decreased exposure to methylprednisolone. Butabarbital is a CYP3A4 inducer; methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for decreased response to methylprednisolone during concurrent use.
Butalbital; Acetaminophen: (Moderate) Coadministration may result in decreased exposure to methylprednisolone. Butalbital is a CYP3A4 inducer; methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for decreased response to methylprednisolone during concurrent use.
Butalbital; Acetaminophen; Caffeine: (Moderate) Coadministration may result in decreased exposure to methylprednisolone. Butalbital is a CYP3A4 inducer; methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for decreased response to methylprednisolone during concurrent use.
Butalbital; Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Codeine: (Moderate) Coadministration may result in decreased exposure to methylprednisolone. Butalbital is a CYP3A4 inducer; methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for decreased response to methylprednisolone during concurrent use.
Butalbital; Aspirin; Caffeine; Codeine: (Moderate) Coadministration may result in decreased exposure to methylprednisolone. Butalbital is a CYP3A4 inducer; methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for decreased response to methylprednisolone during concurrent use. (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Caffeine; Sodium Benzoate: (Moderate) Corticosteroids may cause protein breakdown, which could lead to elevated blood ammonia concentrations, especially in patients with an impaired ability to form urea. Corticosteroids should be used with caution in patients receiving treatment for hyperammonemia.
Canagliflozin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and SGLT2 inhibitor use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Canagliflozin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and SGLT2 inhibitor use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Candesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Captopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Carbamazepine: (Moderate) Hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers, including carbamazepine, can increase the metabolism of methylprednisolone. Dosage adjustments may be necessary, and closer monitoring of clinical and/or adverse effects is warranted when carbamazepine is used with methylprednisolone.
Carmustine, BCNU: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Ceritinib: (Moderate) Monitor for steroid-related adverse reactions if coadministration of ceritinib with methylprednisolone is necessary, due to increased methylprednisolone exposure; Cushings syndrome and adrenal suppression could potentially occur with long-term use. Ceritinib is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor and methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor has been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%, leading to increased risk of corticosteroid side effects.
Certolizumab pegol: (Moderate) The safety and efficacy of certolizumab in patients with immunosuppression have not been evaluated. Patients receiving immunosuppressives along with certolizumab may be at a greater risk of developing an infection. Many of the serious infections occurred in patients on immunosuppressive therapy who received certolizumab.
Chlorambucil: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Chlorothiazide: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Chlorpropamide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and sulfonylurea use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Chlorthalidone: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Chlorthalidone; Clonidine: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Cholestyramine: (Moderate) The absorption of oral corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone, may be reduced during concurrent administration with cholestyramine. In a study of 10 healthy subjects, reductions in plasma cortisol concentrations and delays in peak concentrations were observed when cholestyramine 4 g was given prior to a single dose of another corticosteroid. When given with cholestyramine, the AUC of the corticosteroid decreased by approximately one-third and time to peak plasma cortisol concentrations was reached 50 +/- 22 minutes later than controls. It is recommended that other drugs be taken at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after cholestyramine (or as great an interval as possible) to avoid absorption interference.
Choline Salicylate; Magnesium Salicylate: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Cisatracurium: (Moderate) Limit the period of use of neuromuscular blockers and corticosteroids and only use when the specific advantages of the drugs outweigh the risks for acute myopathy. An acute myopathy has been observed with the use of high doses of corticosteroids in patients receiving concomitant long-term therapy with neuromuscular blockers. Clinical improvement or recovery after stopping therapy may require weeks to years.
Clarithromycin: (Minor) Postmarketing reports of interactions with coadministration of clarithromycin and methylprednisolone have been noted. Clarithromycin is a CYP3A4 inhibitor and may decrease the clearance of methylprednisolone if coadministered.
Clofarabine: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Cobicistat: (Moderate) Coadministration of methylprednisolone with cobicistat may cause elevated methylprednisolone serum concentrations, potentially resulting in Cushing's syndrome or adrenal suppression. Cobicistat is a CYP3A4 inhibitor, while methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Corticosteroids, such as beclomethasone and prednisolone, whose concentrations are less affected by strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, should be considered, especially for long-term use.
Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Cyclosporine: (Moderate) Convulsions have been reported during concurrent use of cyclosporine and high dose methylprednisolone. In addition, mutual inhibition of metabolism occurs with concurrent use of cyclosporine and methylprednisolone; therefore, the potential for adverse events associated with either drug may be increased. Coadministration should be approached with caution.
Dapagliflozin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and SGLT2 inhibitor use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Dapagliflozin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and SGLT2 inhibitor use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Dapagliflozin; Saxagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and SGLT2 inhibitor use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Darunavir: (Moderate) Monitor for corticosteroid-related adverse events if methylprednisolone is used with darunavir. Concurrent use may increase the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A substrate and darunavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Other strong CYP3A inhibitors have been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%.
Darunavir; Cobicistat: (Moderate) Coadministration of methylprednisolone with cobicistat may cause elevated methylprednisolone serum concentrations, potentially resulting in Cushing's syndrome or adrenal suppression. Cobicistat is a CYP3A4 inhibitor, while methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Corticosteroids, such as beclomethasone and prednisolone, whose concentrations are less affected by strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, should be considered, especially for long-term use. (Moderate) Monitor for corticosteroid-related adverse events if methylprednisolone is used with darunavir. Concurrent use may increase the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A substrate and darunavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Other strong CYP3A inhibitors have been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%.
Darunavir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir alafenamide: (Moderate) Coadministration of methylprednisolone with cobicistat may cause elevated methylprednisolone serum concentrations, potentially resulting in Cushing's syndrome or adrenal suppression. Cobicistat is a CYP3A4 inhibitor, while methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Corticosteroids, such as beclomethasone and prednisolone, whose concentrations are less affected by strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, should be considered, especially for long-term use. (Moderate) Monitor for corticosteroid-related adverse events if methylprednisolone is used with darunavir. Concurrent use may increase the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A substrate and darunavir is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Other strong CYP3A inhibitors have been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%.
Deferasirox: (Moderate) Because gastric ulceration and GI bleeding have been reported in patients taking deferasirox, use caution when coadministering with other drugs known to increase the risk of peptic ulcers or gastric hemorrhage including corticosteroids.
Denosumab: (Moderate) The safety and efficacy of denosumab use in patients with immunosuppression have not been evaluated. Patients receiving immunosuppressives along with denosumab may be at a greater risk of developing an infection.
Desmopressin: (Major) Desmopressin is contraindicated with concomitant inhaled or systemic corticosteroid use due to an increased risk of hyponatremia. Desmopressin can be started or resumed 3 days or 5 half-lives after the corticosteroid is discontinued, whichever is longer.
Dextromethorphan; Bupropion: (Moderate) Monitor for seizure activity during concomitant bupropion and corticosteroid use. Bupropion is associated with a dose-related seizure risk; concomitant use of other medications that lower the seizure threshold, such as systemic corticosteroids, increases the seizure risk.
Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Diltiazem: (Moderate) Monitor for corticosteroid-related adverse events if methylprednisolone is used with diltiazem. Concurrent use has been observed to increase methylprednisolone peak exposure, overall exposure, and half-life by 1.6-, 2.6-, and 1.9-fold, respectively.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor use; a DPP-4 dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Dofetilide: (Major) Corticosteroids can cause increases in blood pressure, sodium and water retention, and hypokalemia, predisposing patients to interactions with certain other medications. Corticosteroid-induced hypokalemia could also enhance the proarrhythmic effects of dofetilide.
Dronedarone: (Moderate) Coadministration of methylprednisolone with dronedarone may cause elevated methylprednisolone serum concentrations, potentially resulting in Cushing's syndrome and adrenal suppression. Monitor closely. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate and dronedarone is an inhibitor of CYP3A4.
Droperidol: (Moderate) Caution is advised when using droperidol in combination with corticosteroids which may lead to electrolyte abnormalities, especially hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia, as such abnormalities may increase the risk for QT prolongation or cardiac arrhythmias.
Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Levomefolate: (Minor) L-methylfolate and methylprednisolone should be used together cautiously. Plasma concentrations of L-methylfolate may be reduced when used concomitantly with methylprednisolone. Monitor patients for decreased efficacy of L-methylfolate if these agents are used together.
Dulaglutide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and incretin mimetic use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Echinacea: (Moderate) Echinacea possesses immunostimulatory activity and may theoretically reduce the response to immunosuppressant drugs like corticosteroids. For some patients who are using corticosteroids for serious illness, such as cancer or organ transplant, this potential interaction may result in the preferable avoidance of Echinacea. Although documentation is lacking, coadministration of echinacea with immunosuppressants is not recommended by some resources.
Econazole: (Minor) In vitro studies indicate that corticosteroids inhibit the antifungal activity of econazole against C. albicans in a concentration-dependent manner. When the concentration of the corticosteroid was equal to or greater than that of econazole on a weight basis, the antifungal activity of econazole was substantially inhibited. When the corticosteroid concentration was one-tenth that of econazole, no inhibition of antifungal activity was observed.
Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Alafenamide: (Moderate) Coadministration of methylprednisolone with cobicistat may cause elevated methylprednisolone serum concentrations, potentially resulting in Cushing's syndrome or adrenal suppression. Cobicistat is a CYP3A4 inhibitor, while methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Corticosteroids, such as beclomethasone and prednisolone, whose concentrations are less affected by strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, should be considered, especially for long-term use.
Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: (Moderate) Coadministration of methylprednisolone with cobicistat may cause elevated methylprednisolone serum concentrations, potentially resulting in Cushing's syndrome or adrenal suppression. Cobicistat is a CYP3A4 inhibitor, while methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Corticosteroids, such as beclomethasone and prednisolone, whose concentrations are less affected by strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, should be considered, especially for long-term use.
Empagliflozin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and SGLT2 inhibitor use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Empagliflozin; Linagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and SGLT2 inhibitor use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Empagliflozin; Linagliptin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and SGLT2 inhibitor use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Empagliflozin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and SGLT2 inhibitor use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Enalapril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Enzalutamide: (Moderate) Monitor for decreased corticosteroid efficacy if methylprednisolone is used with enzalutamide; a dosage increase may be necessary. Concurrent use may decrease the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate and enzalutamide is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Ephedrine: (Moderate) Ephedrine may enhance the metabolic clearance of corticosteroids. Decreased blood concentrations and lessened physiologic activity may necessitate an increase in corticosteroid dosage.
Ephedrine; Guaifenesin: (Moderate) Ephedrine may enhance the metabolic clearance of corticosteroids. Decreased blood concentrations and lessened physiologic activity may necessitate an increase in corticosteroid dosage.
Epinephrine: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and epinephrine use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Corticosteroids may potentiate the hypokalemic effects of epinephrine.
Eprosartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Erlotinib: (Moderate) Monitor for symptoms of gastrointestinal (GI) perforation (e.g., severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting) if coadministration of erlotinib with methylprednisolone is necessary. Permanently discontinue erlotinib in patients who develop GI perforation. The pooled incidence of GI perforation clinical trials of erlotinib ranged from 0.1% to 0.4%, including fatal cases; patients receiving concomitant methylprednisolone may be at increased risk.
Ertugliflozin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and SGLT2 inhibitor use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Ertugliflozin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and SGLT2 inhibitor use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Ertugliflozin; Sitagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and SGLT2 inhibitor use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Erythromycin: (Minor) Erythromycin decreases the clearance of methylprednisolone. The clinical implications of these pharmacokinetic interactions are uncertain, but some studies have used the interaction to dose-reduce methylprednisolone in acutely asthmatic patients without compromising steroid efficacy.
Estramustine: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Estrogens: (Moderate) Monitor for corticosteroid-related adverse events if corticosteroids are used with estrogens. Concurrent use may increase the exposure of corticosteroids. Estrogens may decrease the hepatic clearance of corticosteroids thereby increasing their effect.
Etravirine: (Moderate) Monitor for decreased efficacy of methylprednisolone if coadministration with etravirine is necessary; plasma concentrations of methylprednisolone may decrease. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A substrate and etravirine induces CYP3A.
Exenatide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and incretin mimetic use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Fosamprenavir: (Moderate) Concomitant use of methylprednisolone and fosamprenavir may result in altered methylprednisolone plasma concentrations. Monitor closely. Methylprednisolone is a substrate of CYP3A4. Amprenavir, the active metabolite of fosamprenavir, is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, but may also induce this enzyme to some degree. The net effect is likely increased methylprednisolone exposure.
Fosinopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Fosphenytoin: (Moderate) Monitor for decreased corticosteroid efficacy if methylprednisolone is used with fosphenytoin; a dosage increase may be necessary. Concurrent use may decrease the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A substrate and fosphenytoin is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Gallium Ga 68 Dotatate: (Moderate) Repeated administration of high corticosteroid doses prior to gallium Ga 68 dotatate may result in false negative imaging. High-dose corticosteroid therapy is generally defined as at least 20 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent (or 2 mg/kg/day for patients weighing less than 10 kg) for at least 14 consecutive days. Corticosteroids can down-regulate somatostatin subtype 2 receptors: thereby, interfering with binding of gallium Ga 68 dotatate to malignant cells that overexpress these receptors.
Glimepiride: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and sulfonylurea use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Glipizide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and sulfonylurea use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Glipizide; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells. (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and sulfonylurea use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Glyburide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and sulfonylurea use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Glyburide; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration
Glycerol Phenylbutyrate: (Moderate) Corticosteroids may induce elevated blood ammonia concentrations. Corticosteroids should be used with caution in patients receiving glycerol phenylbutyrate. Monitor ammonia concentrations closely.
Golimumab: (Moderate) The safety and efficacy of golimumab in patients with immunosuppression have not been evaluated. Patients receiving immunosuppressives along with golimumab may be at a greater risk of developing an infection.
Grapefruit juice: (Moderate) Grapefruit juice may enhance steroid effects if taken with oral methylprednisolone. Grapefruit juice contains a compound that inhibits CYP3A4 in enterocytes; decreased methylprednisolone metabolism is the probable mechanism. Methylprednisolone peak concentrations and AUC increased and the half-life of methylprednisolone was prolonged in one study of the interaction. The clinical significance of the interaction is uncertain. Patients should be advised to not significantly alter their grapefruit juice ingestion.
Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Haloperidol: (Moderate) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of haloperidol and corticosteroids as electrolyte imbalance caused by corticosteroids may increase the risk of QT prolongation with haloperidol.
Hemin: (Moderate) Hemin works by inhibiting aminolevulinic acid synthetase. Corticosteroids increase the activity of this enzyme should not be used with hemin.
Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Methyldopa: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Moexipril: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Hydroxyurea: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Hylan G-F 20: (Major) The safety and efficacy of hylan G-F 20 given concomitantly with other intra-articular injectables have not been established. Other intra-articular injections may include intra-articular steroids (betamethasone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, and triamcinolone).
Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate; Sodium Biphosphate: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance. (Moderate) Use sodium phosphate cautiously with corticosteroids, especially mineralocorticoids or corticotropin, ACTH, as concurrent use can cause hypernatremia.
Ibritumomab Tiuxetan: (Moderate) Use sodium phosphate cautiously with corticosteroids, especially mineralocorticoids or corticotropin, ACTH, as concurrent use can cause hypernatremia. (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Idelalisib: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of idelalisib, a strong CYP3A inhibitor, with methylprednisolone, a CYP3A substrate, as methylprednisolone toxicities may be significantly increased. The AUC of a sensitive CYP3A substrate was increased 5.4-fold when coadministered with idelalisib.
Incretin Mimetics: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and incretin mimetic use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Indapamide: (Moderate) Additive hypokalemia may occur when indapamide is coadministered with other drugs with a significant risk of hypokalemia such as systemic corticosteroids. Coadminister with caution and careful monitoring.
Inebilizumab: (Moderate) Concomitant usage of inebilizumab with immunosuppressant drugs, including systemic corticosteroids, may increase the risk of infection. Consider the risk of additive immune system effects when coadministering therapies that cause immunosuppression with inebilizumab.
Infliximab: (Moderate) Many serious infections during infliximab therapy have occurred in patients who received concurrent immunosuppressives that, in addition to their underlying Crohn's disease or rheumatoid arthritis, predisposed patients to infections. The impact of concurrent infliximab therapy and immunosuppression on the development of malignancies is unknown. In clinical trials, the use of concomitant immunosuppressant agents appeared to reduce the frequency of antibodies to infliximab and appeared to reduce infusion reactions.
Insulin Degludec; Liraglutide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and incretin mimetic use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Insulin Glargine; Lixisenatide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and incretin mimetic use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Insulins: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and insulin use; an insulin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Interferon Alfa-2b: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Iohexol: (Major) Serious adverse events, including death, have been observed during intrathecal administration of both corticosteroids (i.e., methylprednisolone) and radiopaque contrast agents (i.e., iohexol); therefore, concurrent use of these medications via the intrathecal route is contraindicated. Cases of cortical blindness, stroke, spinal cord infarction, paralysis, seizures, nerve injury, brain edema, and death have been temporally associated (i.e., within minutes to 48 hours after injection) with epidural administration of injectable corticosteroids. In addition, patients inadvertently administered iohexol formulations not indicated for intrathecal use have experienced seizures, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhages, brain edema, and death. Administering these medications together via the intrathecal route may increase the risk for serious adverse events.
Iopamidol: (Contraindicated) Because both intrathecal corticosteroids (i.e., methylprednisolone) and intrathecal radiopaque contrast agents (i.e., iopamidoll) can increase the risk of seizures, the intrathecal administration of corticosteroids with intrathecal radiopaque contrast agents is contraindicated.
Irbesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Isavuconazonium: (Moderate) Concomitant use of isavuconazonium with methylprednisolone may result in increased serum concentrations of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a substrate of CYP3A4 and isavuconazole, the active moiety of isavuconazonium, is an inhibitor of CYP3A4. Caution and close monitoring for adverse effects, such as corticosteroid-related adverse effects, are advised if these drugs are used together.
Isoniazid, INH: (Minor) Corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone, may decrease serum concentrations of isoniazid. Isoniazid serum concentrations decreased by 25% and 40% in slow and rapid acetylators, respectively, when isoniazid (10 mg/kg) was co-administered with another corticosteroid. The exact mechanism of action of the interaction is unknown. The decrease in plasma concentrations may be caused by enhanced acetylation or renal clearance of isoniazid or by an increase in total body water.
Isoniazid, INH; Pyrazinamide, PZA; Rifampin: (Moderate) Monitor for decreased corticosteroid efficacy if methylprednisolone is used with rifampin; a dosage increase may be necessary. Concurrent use may decrease the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate and rifampin is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. (Minor) Corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone, may decrease serum concentrations of isoniazid. Isoniazid serum concentrations decreased by 25% and 40% in slow and rapid acetylators, respectively, when isoniazid (10 mg/kg) was co-administered with another corticosteroid. The exact mechanism of action of the interaction is unknown. The decrease in plasma concentrations may be caused by enhanced acetylation or renal clearance of isoniazid or by an increase in total body water.
Isoniazid, INH; Rifampin: (Moderate) Monitor for decreased corticosteroid efficacy if methylprednisolone is used with rifampin; a dosage increase may be necessary. Concurrent use may decrease the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate and rifampin is a strong CYP3A4 inducer. (Minor) Corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone, may decrease serum concentrations of isoniazid. Isoniazid serum concentrations decreased by 25% and 40% in slow and rapid acetylators, respectively, when isoniazid (10 mg/kg) was co-administered with another corticosteroid. The exact mechanism of action of the interaction is unknown. The decrease in plasma concentrations may be caused by enhanced acetylation or renal clearance of isoniazid or by an increase in total body water.
Isoproterenol: (Moderate) The risk of cardiac toxicity with isoproterenol in asthma patients appears to be increased with the coadministration of corticosteroids. Intravenous infusions of isoproterenol in refractory asthmatic children at rates of 0.05 to 2.7 mcg/kg/min have caused clinical deterioration, myocardial infarction (necrosis), congestive heart failure and death.
Isotretinoin: (Minor) Both isotretinoin and corticosteroids can cause osteoporosis during chronic use. Patients receiving systemic corticosteroids should receive isotretinoin therapy with caution.
Itraconazole: (Moderate) Itraconazole may inhibit the metabolism of methylprednisolone via hepatic CYP3A4 inhibition. Several published reports note that itraconazole decreases the clearance and increases the elimination half-life of methylprednisolone, resulting in increased exposure to methylprednisolone. The interaction can result in enhanced adrenal suppression.
Ketoconazole: (Moderate) Monitor for corticosteroid-related adverse events if methylprednisolone is used with ketoconazole. Concurrent use may increase the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate and ketoconazole is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Ketoconazole has been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%.
Lansoprazole; Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin: (Minor) Postmarketing reports of interactions with coadministration of clarithromycin and methylprednisolone have been noted. Clarithromycin is a CYP3A4 inhibitor and may decrease the clearance of methylprednisolone if coadministered.
L-Asparaginase Escherichia coli: (Moderate) Concomitant use of L-asparaginase with corticosteroids can result in additive hyperglycemia. L-Asparaginase transiently inhibits insulin production contributing to hyperglycemia seen during concurrent corticosteroid therapy. Insulin therapy may be required in some cases. Administration of L-asparaginase after rather than before corticosteroids reportedly has produced fewer hypersensitivity reactions.
Letermovir: (Moderate) An increase in the plasma concentration of methylprednisolone may occur if given with letermovir. In patients who are also receiving treatment with cyclosporine, the magnitude of this interaction may be amplified. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Letermovir is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor; however, when given with cyclosporine, the combined effect on CYP3A4 substrates may be similar to a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. In a drug interaction study, concurrent administration of certain corticosteroids with another potent CYP3A4 inhibitor significantly decreased the corticosteroid metabolism (up to 60% reduction).
Levoketoconazole: (Moderate) Monitor for corticosteroid-related adverse events if methylprednisolone is used with ketoconazole. Concurrent use may increase the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate and ketoconazole is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Ketoconazole has been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%.
Levomefolate: (Minor) L-methylfolate and methylprednisolone should be used together cautiously. Plasma concentrations of L-methylfolate may be reduced when used concomitantly with methylprednisolone. Monitor patients for decreased efficacy of L-methylfolate if these agents are used together.
Lidocaine; Epinephrine: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and epinephrine use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Corticosteroids may potentiate the hypokalemic effects of epinephrine.
Linagliptin; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Liraglutide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and incretin mimetic use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Lisinopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Live Vaccines: (Contraindicated) Live vaccines should generally not be administered to an immunosuppressed patient. Live vaccines may induce the illness they are intended to prevent and are generally contraindicated for use during immunosuppressive treatment. The immune response of the immunocompromised patient to vaccines may be decreased, even despite alternate vaccination schedules or more frequent booster doses. If immunization is necessary, choose an alternative to live vaccination, or, consider a delay or change in the immunization schedule. Practitioners should refer to the most recent CDC guidelines regarding vaccination of patients who are receiving drugs that adversely affect the immune system. The immunosuppressive effects of steroid treatment differ, but many clinicians consider a dose equivalent to either 2 mg/kg/day or 20 mg/day of prednisone as sufficiently immunosuppressive to raise concern about the safety of immunization with live vaccines. Patients on corticosteroid treatment for 2 weeks or more may be vaccinated after steroid therapy has been discontinued for at least 3 months in accordance with general recommendations for the use of live vaccines. The CDC has stated that discontinuation of steroids for 1 month prior to live vaccine administration may be sufficient. Live vaccines should not be given to individuals who are considered to be immunocompromised until more information is available.
Lixisenatide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and incretin mimetic use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Lomustine, CCNU: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Lonafarnib: (Moderate) Monitor for corticosteroid-related adverse events if methylprednisolone is used with lonafarnib. Concurrent use may increase the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate and lonafarnib is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Other strong CYP3A4 inhibitors have been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%.
Lonapegsomatropin: (Moderate) Corticosteroids can retard bone growth and therefore, can inhibit the growth-promoting effects of somatropin. If corticosteroid therapy is required, the corticosteroid dose should be carefully adjusted.
Loop diuretics: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and loop diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and loop diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Lopinavir; Ritonavir: (Moderate) Monitor for corticosteroid-related adverse events if methylprednisolone is used with ritonavir. Concurrent use may increase the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate and ritonavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Other strong CYP3A4 inhibitors have been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%.
Losartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Lumacaftor; Ivacaftor: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of methylprednisolone by decreasing systemic exposure of the corticosteroid. If used together, a higher systemic corticosteroid dose may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Lumacaftor; Ivacaftor: (Moderate) Lumacaftor; ivacaftor may reduce the efficacy of methylprednisolone by decreasing systemic exposure of the corticosteroid. If used together, a higher systemic corticosteroid dose may be required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate: (Major) Avoid repeated administration of high doses of glucocorticoids during treatment with lutetium Lu 177 dotatate due to the risk of decreased efficacy of lutetium Lu 177 dotatate. Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate binds to somatostatin receptors, with the highest affinity for subtype 2 somatostatin receptors (SSTR2); glucocorticoids can induce down-regulation of SSTR2.
Macimorelin: (Major) Avoid use of macimorelin with drugs that directly affect pituitary growth hormone secretion, such as corticosteroids. Healthcare providers are advised to discontinue corticosteroid therapy and observe a sufficient washout period before administering macimorelin. Use of these medications together may impact the accuracy of the macimorelin growth hormone test.
Magnesium Salicylate: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Mannitol: (Moderate) Corticosteroids may accentuate the electrolyte loss associated with diuretic therapy resulting in hypokalemia. Also, corticotropin may cause calcium loss and sodium and fluid retention. Mannitol itself can cause hypernatremia. Close monitoring of electrolytes should occur in patients receiving these drugs concomitantly.
Mecasermin, Recombinant, rh-IGF-1: (Moderate) Additional monitoring may be required when coadministering systemic or inhaled corticosteroids and mecasermin, recombinant, rh-IGF-1. In animal studies, corticosteroids impair the growth-stimulating effects of growth hormone (GH) through interference with the physiological stimulation of epiphyseal chondrocyte proliferation exerted by GH and IGF-1. Dexamethasone administration on long bone tissue in vitro resulted in a decrease of local synthesis of IGF-1. Similar counteractive effects are expected in humans. If systemic or inhaled glucocorticoid therapy is required, the steroid dose should be carefully adjusted and growth rate monitored.
Meglitinides: (Moderate) Monitor patients receiving antidiabetic agents closely for worsening glycemic control when corticosteroids are instituted and for signs of hypoglycemia when corticosteroids are discontinued. Systemic and inhaled corticosteroids are known to increase blood glucose and worsen glycemic control in patients taking antidiabetic agents. The main risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids are the dose of steroid and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Metformin; Repaglinide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells. (Moderate) Monitor patients receiving antidiabetic agents closely for worsening glycemic control when corticosteroids are instituted and for signs of hypoglycemia when corticosteroids are discontinued. Systemic and inhaled corticosteroids are known to increase blood glucose and worsen glycemic control in patients taking antidiabetic agents. The main risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids are the dose of steroid and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Metformin; Rosiglitazone: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Metformin; Saxagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Metformin; Sitagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Methazolamide: (Moderate) Corticosteroids may increase the risk of hypokalemia if used concurrently with methazolamide. Hypokalemia may be especially severe with prolonged use of corticotropin, ACTH. Monitor serum potassium levels to determine the need for potassium supplementation and/or alteration in drug therapy. The chronic use of corticosteroids may augment calcium excretion with methazolamide leading to increased risk for hypocalcemia and/or osteoporosis.
Methenamine; Sodium Acid Phosphate: (Moderate) Use sodium phosphate cautiously with corticosteroids, especially mineralocorticoids or corticotropin, ACTH, as concurrent use can cause hypernatremia.
Methenamine; Sodium Acid Phosphate; Methylene Blue; Hyoscyamine: (Moderate) Use sodium phosphate cautiously with corticosteroids, especially mineralocorticoids or corticotropin, ACTH, as concurrent use can cause hypernatremia.
Methenamine; Sodium Salicylate: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Methoxsalen: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Methyclothiazide: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Metolazone: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Metoprolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Metyrapone: (Contraindicated) Medications which affect pituitary or adrenocortical function, including all corticosteroid therapy, should be discontinued prior to and during testing with metyrapone. Patients taking inadvertent doses of corticosteroids on the test day may exhibit abnormally high basal plasma cortisol levels and a decreased response to the test.
Micafungin: (Moderate) Leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia have been associated with micafungin. Patients who are taking immunosuppressives such as the corticosteroids with micafungin concomitantly may have additive risks for infection or other side effects. In a pharmacokinetic trial, micafungin had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone. Acute intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria was seen in a healthy volunteer during infusion of micafungin (200 mg) and oral prednisolone (20 mg). This reaction was transient, and the subject did not develop significant anemia.
Mifepristone: (Major) Mifepristone for termination of pregnancy is contraindicated in patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy and mifepristone for Cushing's disease or other chronic conditions is contraindicated in patients who require concomitant treatment with systemic corticosteroids for life-saving purposes, such as serious medical conditions or illnesses (e.g., immunosuppression after organ transplantation). For other situations where corticosteroids are used for treating non-life threatening conditions, mifepristone may lead to reduced corticosteroid efficacy and exacerbation or deterioration of such conditions. This is because mifepristone exhibits antiglucocorticoid activity that may antagonize corticosteroid therapy and the stabilization of the underlying corticosteroid-treated illness. Mifepristone may also cause adrenal insufficiency, so patients receiving corticosteroids for non life-threatening illness require close monitoring. Because serum cortisol levels remain elevated and may even increase during treatment with mifepristone, serum cortisol levels do not provide an accurate assessment of hypoadrenalism. Patients should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, If adrenal insufficiency occurs, stop mifepristone treatment and administer systemic glucocorticoids without delay; high doses may be needed to treat these events. Factors considered in deciding on the duration of glucocorticoid treatment should include the long half-life of mifepristone (85 hours).
Mitotane: (Moderate) Use caution if mitotane and methylprednisolone are used concomitantly, and monitor for decreased efficacy of methylprednisolone and a possible change in dosage requirements. Mitotane is a strong CYP3A4 inducer and methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate; coadministration may result in decreased plasma concentrations of methylprednisolone.
Mitoxantrone: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Mivacurium: (Moderate) Limit the period of use of neuromuscular blockers and corticosteroids and only use when the specific advantages of the drugs outweigh the risks for acute myopathy. An acute myopathy has been observed with the use of high doses of corticosteroids in patients receiving concomitant long-term therapy with neuromuscular blockers. Clinical improvement or recovery after stopping therapy may require weeks to years.
Natalizumab: (Major) Ordinarily, patients receiving chronic immunosuppressant therapy should not be treated with natalizumab. Treatment recommendations for combined corticosteroid therapy are dependent on the underlying indication for natalizumab therapy. Corticosteroids should be tapered in those patients with Crohn's disease who are on chronic corticosteroids when they start natalizumab therapy, as soon as a therapeutic benefit has occurred. If the patient cannot discontinue systemic corticosteroids within 6 months, discontinue natalizumab. The concomitant use of natalizumab and corticosteroids may further increase the risk of serious infections, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, over the risk observed with use of natalizumab alone. In multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials, an increase in infections was seen in patients concurrently receiving short courses of corticosteroids. However, the increase in infections in natalizumab-treated patients who received steroids was similar to the increase in placebo-treated patients who received steroids. Short courses of steroid use during natalizumab, such as when they are needed for MS relapse treatment, appear to be acceptable for use concurrently.
Nateglinide: (Moderate) Monitor patients receiving antidiabetic agents closely for worsening glycemic control when corticosteroids are instituted and for signs of hypoglycemia when corticosteroids are discontinued. Systemic and inhaled corticosteroids are known to increase blood glucose and worsen glycemic control in patients taking antidiabetic agents. The main risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids are the dose of steroid and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Nefazodone: (Moderate) It appears that nefazodone inhibits the metabolism of methylprednisolone. In addition, concomitant nefazodone prolongs the duration of methylprednisolone induced cortisol suppression. If nefazodone and methylprednisolone are to be coadministered, care should be taken with regards to the potential for prolonged corticosteroid exposure.
Nelarabine: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Neostigmine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of anticholinesterase agents, such as neostigmine, and systemic corticosteroids may produce severe weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. If possible, anticholinesterase agents should be withdrawn at least 24 hours before initiating systemic corticosteroid therapy.
Neostigmine; Glycopyrrolate: (Moderate) Concomitant use of anticholinesterase agents, such as neostigmine, and systemic corticosteroids may produce severe weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. If possible, anticholinesterase agents should be withdrawn at least 24 hours before initiating systemic corticosteroid therapy.
Neuromuscular blockers: (Moderate) Limit the period of use of neuromuscular blockers and corticosteroids and only use when the specific advantages of the drugs outweigh the risks for acute myopathy. An acute myopathy has been observed with the use of high doses of corticosteroids in patients receiving concomitant long-term therapy with neuromuscular blockers. Clinical improvement or recovery after stopping therapy may require weeks to years.
Nirmatrelvir; Ritonavir: (Moderate) Monitor for corticosteroid-related adverse events if methylprednisolone is used with ritonavir. Concurrent use may increase the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate and ritonavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Other strong CYP3A4 inhibitors have been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%.
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. The Beers criteria recommends that this drug combination be avoided in older adults; if coadministration cannot be avoided, provide gastrointestinal protection.
Ocrelizumab: (Moderate) Ocrelizumab has not been studied in combination with other immunosuppressive or immune modulating therapies used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, including immunosuppressant doses of corticosteroids. Concomitant use of ocrelizumab with any of these therapies may increase the risk of immunosuppression. Monitor patients carefully for signs and symptoms of infection.
Ofatumumab: (Moderate) Concomitant use of ofatumumab with corticosteroids may increase the risk of immunosuppression. Monitor patients carefully for signs and symptoms of infection. Ofatumumab has not been studied in combination with other immunosuppressive or immune modulating therapies used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, including immunosuppressant doses of corticosteroids.
Olmesartan; Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Olmesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Oritavancin: (Minor) Methylprednisolone is metabolized by CYP3A4; oritavancin is a weak CYP3A4 inducer. Plasma concentrations and efficacy of methylprednisolone may be reduced if these drugs are administered concurrently.
Oxymetholone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of oxymetholone with corticosteroids or corticotropin, ACTH may cause increased edema. Manage edema with diuretic and/or digitalis therapy.
Ozanimod: (Moderate) Concomitant use of ozanimod with methylprednisolone may increase the risk of immunosuppression. Monitor patients carefully for signs and symptoms of infection. In clinical studies for ulcerative colitis, the use of systemic corticosteroids did not appear to influence safety or efficacy of ozanimod.
Pancuronium: (Moderate) Limit the period of use of neuromuscular blockers and corticosteroids and only use when the specific advantages of the drugs outweigh the risks for acute myopathy. An acute myopathy has been observed with the use of high doses of corticosteroids in patients receiving concomitant long-term therapy with neuromuscular blockers. Clinical improvement or recovery after stopping therapy may require weeks to years.
Pazopanib: (Moderate) Pazopanib is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4. Coadministration of pazopanib and methylprednisolone, a CYP3A4 substrate, may cause an increase in systemic concentrations of methylprednisolone. Use caution when administering these drugs concomitantly. In addition, concomitant administration may predispose the patient to over-immunosuppression resulting in an increased risk for the development of severe infections.
Pegaspargase: (Moderate) Monitor for an increase in glucocorticoid-related adverse reactions such as hyperglycemia and osteonecrosis during concomitant use of pegaspargase and glucocorticoids.
Peginterferon Alfa-2a: (Moderate) Additive myelosuppressive effects may be seen when alpha interferons are given concurrently with other myelosuppressive agents, such as antineoplastic agents or immunosuppressives.
Penicillamine: (Major) Agents such as immunosuppressives have adverse reactions similar to those of penicillamine. Concomitant use of penicillamine with these agents is contraindicated because of the increased risk of developing severe hematologic and renal toxicity.
Phenobarbital: (Moderate) Coadministration may result in decreased exposure to methylprednisolone. Phenobarbital is a CYP3A4 inducer; methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for decreased response to methylprednisolone during concurrent use.
Phenobarbital; Hyoscyamine; Atropine; Scopolamine: (Moderate) Coadministration may result in decreased exposure to methylprednisolone. Phenobarbital is a CYP3A4 inducer; methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for decreased response to methylprednisolone during concurrent use.
Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Phenytoin: (Moderate) Monitor for decreased corticosteroid efficacy if methylprednisolone is used with phenytoin; a dosage increase may be necessary. Concurrent use may decrease the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A substrate and phenytoin is a strong CYP3A inducer.
Photosensitizing agents (topical): (Minor) Corticosteroids administered prior to or concomitantly with photosensitizing agents used in photodynamic therapy may decrease the efficacy of the treatment.
Physostigmine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of anticholinesterase agents, such as physostigmine, and systemic corticosteroids may produce severe weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. If possible, withdraw anticholinesterase inhibitors at least 24 hours before initiating corticosteroid therapy.
Pimozide: (Moderate) According to the manufacturer of pimozide, the drug should not be coadministered with drugs known to cause electrolyte imbalances, such as high-dose, systemic corticosteroid therapy. Pimozide is associated with a well-established risk of QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), and electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia) may increase the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. Pimozide is contraindicated in patients with known hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia. Topical corticosteroids are less likely to interact.
Pioglitazone; Glimepiride: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and sulfonylurea use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Pioglitazone; Metformin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and metformin use; a metformin dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Ponesimod: (Moderate) Monitor for signs and symptoms of infection. Additive immune suppression may result from concomitant use of ponesimod and high-dose corticosteroid therapy which may extend the duration or severity of immune suppression. High-dose corticosteroid therapy is generally defined as a dose of at least 20 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent (or 2 mg/kg/day for patients weighing less than 10 kg) for at least 14 consecutive days.
Posaconazole: (Moderate) Monitor for corticosteroid-related adverse events if methylprednisolone is used with posaconazole. Concurrent use may increase the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A substrate and posaconazole is a strong CYP3A inhibitor. Other strong CYP3A inhibitors have been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%.
Potassium Phosphate; Sodium Phosphate: (Moderate) Use sodium phosphate cautiously with corticosteroids, especially mineralocorticoids or corticotropin, ACTH, as concurrent use can cause hypernatremia.
Potassium-sparing diuretics: (Minor) The manufacturer of spironolactone lists corticosteroids as a potential drug that interacts with spironolactone. Intensified electrolyte depletion, particularly hypokalemia, may occur. However, potassium-sparing diuretics such as spironolactone do not induce hypokalemia. In fact, hypokalemia is one of the indications for potassium-sparing diuretic therapy. Therefore, drugs that induce potassium loss, such as corticosteroids, could counter the hyperkalemic effects of potassium-sparing diuretics.
Pramlintide: (Moderate) Monitor patients receiving antidiabetic agents closely for worsening glycemic control when corticosteroids are instituted and for signs of hypoglycemia when corticosteroids are discontinued. Systemic and inhaled corticosteroids are known to increase blood glucose and worsen glycemic control in patients taking antidiabetic agents. The main risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids are the dose of steroid and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Prasterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA (Dietary Supplements): (Moderate) Corticosteroids blunt the adrenal secretion of endogenous DHEA and DHEAS, resulting in reduced DHEA and DHEAS serum concentrations.
Prasterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA (FDA-approved): (Moderate) Corticosteroids blunt the adrenal secretion of endogenous DHEA and DHEAS, resulting in reduced DHEA and DHEAS serum concentrations.
Prilocaine; Epinephrine: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and epinephrine use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Corticosteroids may potentiate the hypokalemic effects of epinephrine.
Primidone: (Moderate) Coadministration may result in decreased exposure to methylprednisolone. Primidone is a CYP3A4 inducer; methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for decreased response to methylprednisolone during concurrent use.
Promethazine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The therapeutic effect of phenylephrine may be increased in patient receiving corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone. Monitor patients for increased pressor effect if these agents are administered concomitantly.
Propranolol: (Moderate) Monitor blood sugar during concomitant corticosteroid and propranolol use due to risk for hypoglycemia. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia because of loss of the counter-regulatory cortisol response.
Propranolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor blood sugar during concomitant corticosteroid and propranolol use due to risk for hypoglycemia. Concurrent use may increase risk of hypoglycemia because of loss of the counter-regulatory cortisol response. (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Propylthiouracil, PTU: (Moderate) The metabolism of corticosteroids is increased in hyperthyroidism and decreased in hypothyroidism. Dosage adjustments may be necessary when initiating, changing or discontinuing thyroid hormones or antithyroid agents.
Purine analogs: (Minor) Concurrent use of purine analogs with other agents which cause bone marrow or immune suppression such as other antineoplastic agents or immunosuppressives may result in additive effects.
Pyridostigmine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of anticholinesterase agents, such as pyridostigmine, and corticosteroids may produce severe weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. If possible, anticholinesterase agents should be withdrawn at least 24 hours before initiating corticosteroid therapy.
Quinapril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Quinolones: (Moderate) Quinolones have been associated with an increased risk of tendon rupture requiring surgical repair or resulting in prolonged disability; this risk is further increased in those receiving concomitant corticosteroids. Discontinue quinolone therapy at the first sign of tendon inflammation or tendon pain, as these are symptoms that may precede rupture of the tendon.
Repaglinide: (Moderate) Monitor patients receiving antidiabetic agents closely for worsening glycemic control when corticosteroids are instituted and for signs of hypoglycemia when corticosteroids are discontinued. Systemic and inhaled corticosteroids are known to increase blood glucose and worsen glycemic control in patients taking antidiabetic agents. The main risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids are the dose of steroid and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Rifampin: (Moderate) Monitor for decreased corticosteroid efficacy if methylprednisolone is used with rifampin; a dosage increase may be necessary. Concurrent use may decrease the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate and rifampin is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Rifapentine: (Moderate) Monitor for decreased corticosteroid efficacy if methylprednisolone is used with rifapentine; a dosage increase may be necessary. Concurrent use may decrease the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate and rifapentine is a strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Rilonacept: (Moderate) Patients receiving immunosuppressives along with rilonacept may be at a greater risk of developing an infection.
Ritonavir: (Moderate) Monitor for corticosteroid-related adverse events if methylprednisolone is used with ritonavir. Concurrent use may increase the exposure of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate and ritonavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Other strong CYP3A4 inhibitors have been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%.
Rituximab: (Moderate) Rituximab and corticosteroids are commonly used together; however, monitor the patient for immunosuppression and signs and symptoms of infection during combined chronic therapy.
Rituximab; Hyaluronidase: (Moderate) Rituximab and corticosteroids are commonly used together; however, monitor the patient for immunosuppression and signs and symptoms of infection during combined chronic therapy.
Rocuronium: (Moderate) Limit the period of use of neuromuscular blockers and corticosteroids and only use when the specific advantages of the drugs outweigh the risks for acute myopathy. An acute myopathy has been observed with the use of high doses of corticosteroids in patients receiving concomitant long-term therapy with neuromuscular blockers. Clinical improvement or recovery after stopping therapy may require weeks to years.
Salicylates: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Salsalate: (Moderate) Monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity during concurrent corticosteroid and salicylate use. Concomitant use increases the risk of GI bleeding. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of salicylates, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance.
Saquinavir: (Moderate) Saquinavir may inhibit CYP3A4 metabolism of methylprednisolone, resulting in increased plasma methylprednisolone concentrations and reduced serum cortisol concentrations. There have been reports of clinically significant drug interactions in patients receiving ritonavir with other corticosteroids, resulting in systemic corticosteroid effects including Cushing syndrome and adrenal suppression. Similar results are expected with saquinavir. Consider using an alternative treatment to methylprednisolone, such as a corticosteroid not metabolized by CYP3A4 (i.e., beclomethasone or prednisolone). If corticosteroid therapy is to be discontinued, consider tapering the dose over a period of time to decrease the potential for withdrawal.
Sargramostim, GM-CSF: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of sargramostim and systemic corticosteroid agents due to the risk of additive myeloproliferative effects. If coadministration of these drugs is required, frequently monitor patients for clinical and laboratory signs of excess myeloproliferative effects (e.g., leukocytosis). Sargramostim is a recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor that works by promoting proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells.
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccines: (Moderate) Patients receiving corticosteroids in greater than physiologic doses may have a diminished response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine. Counsel patients receiving corticosteroids about the possibility of a diminished vaccine response and to continue to follow precautions to avoid exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus after receiving the vaccine.
Semaglutide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and incretin mimetic use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
SGLT2 Inhibitors: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and SGLT2 inhibitor use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Siponimod: (Moderate) Monitor patients carefully for signs and symptoms of infection during coadministration of siponimod and methylprednisolone. Concomitant use may increase the risk of immunosuppression. Siponimod has not been studied in combination with other immunosuppressive therapies used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, including immunosuppressant doses of corticosteroids.
Sipuleucel-T: (Major) Concomitant use of sipuleucel-T and immunosuppressives should be avoided. Concurrent administration of immunosuppressives with the leukapheresis procedure that occurs prior to sipuleucel-T infusion has not been studied. Sipuleucel-T stimulates the immune system and patients receiving immunosuppressives may have a diminished response to sipuleucel-T. When appropriate, consider discontinuing or reducing the dose of immunosuppressives prior to initiating therapy with sipuleucel-T.
Sodium Benzoate; Sodium Phenylacetate: (Moderate) Corticosteroids may cause protein breakdown, which could lead to elevated blood ammonia concentrations, especially in patients with an impaired ability to form urea. Corticosteroids should be used with caution in patients receiving treatment for hyperammonemia.
Sodium Phenylbutyrate: (Moderate) The concurrent use of corticosteroids with sodium phenylbutyrate may increase plasma ammonia levels (hyperammonemia) by causing the breakdown of body protein. Patients with urea cycle disorders being treated with sodium phenylbutyrate usually should not receive regular treatment with corticosteroids.
Sodium Phenylbutyrate; Taurursodiol: (Moderate) The concurrent use of corticosteroids with sodium phenylbutyrate may increase plasma ammonia levels (hyperammonemia) by causing the breakdown of body protein. Patients with urea cycle disorders being treated with sodium phenylbutyrate usually should not receive regular treatment with corticosteroids.
Sodium Phosphate Monobasic Monohydrate; Sodium Phosphate Dibasic Anhydrous: (Moderate) Use sodium phosphate cautiously with corticosteroids, especially mineralocorticoids or corticotropin, ACTH, as concurrent use can cause hypernatremia.
Somapacitan: (Moderate) Patients treated with glucocorticoid replacement for h ypoadrenalism may require an increase in their maintenance or stress steroid doses following initiation of somapacitan. Monitor for signs/symptoms of reduced serum cortisol concentrations. Growth hormone (GH) inhibits 11betaHSD-1. Consequently, patients with untreated GH deficiency have relative increases in 11betaHSD-1 and serum cortisol. The initiation of somapacitan may result in inhibition of 11betaHSD-1 and reduced serum cortisol concentrations.
Somatrogon: (Moderate) Monitor for a decrease in serum cortisol concentrations and corticosteroid efficacy during concurrent use of corticosteroids and somatrogon. Patients treated with glucocorticoid replacement for hypoadrenalism may require an increase in their maintenance or stress steroid doses following initiation of somatrogon. Additionally, supraphysiologic glucocorticoid treatment may attenuate the growth promoting effects of somatrogon. Carefully adjust glucocorticoid replacement dosing to avoid hypoadrenalism and an inhibitory effect on growth.
Somatropin, rh-GH: (Moderate) Corticosteroids can retard bone growth and therefore, can inhibit the growth-promoting effects of somatropin. If corticosteroid therapy is required, the corticosteroid dose should be carefully adjusted.
Sotagliflozin: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and SGLT2 inhibitor use; a SGLT2 inhibitor dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Spironolactone; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Succinylcholine: (Moderate) Limit the period of use of neuromuscular blockers and corticosteroids and only use when the specific advantages of the drugs outweigh the risks for acute myopathy. An acute myopathy has been observed with the use of high doses of corticosteroids in patients receiving concomitant long-term therapy with neuromuscular blockers. Clinical improvement or recovery after stopping therapy may require weeks to years.
Sulfonylureas: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and sulfonylurea use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Tacrolimus: (Major) Patients receiving tacrolimus and systemic corticosteroids concomitantly should be carefully monitored for alterations in tacrolimus whole blood concentrations. According to the manufacturer of tacrolimus, methylprednisolone may increase tacrolimus blood concentrations. The mechanism of the interaction is unclear. Tacrolimus is a CYP3A4 substrate, but methylprednisolone does not appear to have an inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 activity. For example, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the CYP3A4 substrate triazolam were determined in a three-phase cross-over study; the three treatment periods were placebo, methylprednisolone 32 mg PO 1 hour before triazolam 0.25 mg PO, and methylprednisolone 8 mg PO daily for 9 days before triazolam 0.25 mg PO. The single methylprednisolone dose did not significantly affect CYP3A4 activity. Methylprednisolone receipt for 9 days led to slightly reduced maximum triazolam concentrations, which may have been due to an inducing effect on the CYP3A4-mediated first-pass metabolism of triazolam.
Telmisartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Testosterone: (Moderate) Monitor for fluid retention during concurrent corticosteroid and testosterone use. Concurrent use may result in increased fluid retention.
Thiazide diuretics: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Thiazolidinediones: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazolidinedione use; a thiazolidinedione dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Tirzepatide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and incretin mimetic use; an incretin mimetic dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Tolazamide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and sulfonylurea use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Tolbutamide: (Moderate) Monitor blood glucose during concomitant corticosteroid and sulfonylurea use; a sulfonylurea dose adjustment may be necessary. Corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance due to corticosteroids include the corticosteroid dose and duration of treatment. Corticosteroids stimulate hepatic glucose production and inhibit peripheral glucose uptake into muscle and fatty tissues, producing insulin resistance. Decreased insulin production may occur in the pancreas due to a direct effect on pancreatic beta cells.
Tositumomab: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Tretinoin, ATRA: (Minor) Because systemically administered corticosteroids exhibit immunosuppressive effects when given in high doses and/or for extended periods, additive effects may be seen with other immunosuppressives or antineoplastic agents.
Triamterene; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative, PPD: (Moderate) Immunosuppressives may decrease the immunological response to tuberculin purified protein derivative, PPD. This suppressed reactivity can persist for up to 6 weeks after treatment discontinuation. Consider deferring the skin test until completion of the immunosuppressive therapy.
Tucatinib: (Moderate) Monitor for steroid-related adverse reactions if coadministration of methylprednisolone with tucatinib is necessary, due to increased methylprednisolone exposure; Cushings syndrome and adrenal suppression could potentially occur with long-term use. Methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate and tucatinib is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Another strong CYP3A4 inhibitor has been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%, leading to increased risk of corticosteroid side effects.
Valsartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor potassium concentrations during concomitant corticosteroid and thiazide diuretic use due to risk for additive hypokalemia; potassium supplementation may be necessary. Both corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics cause increased renal potassium loss.
Vecuronium: (Moderate) Limit the period of use of neuromuscular blockers and corticosteroids and only use when the specific advantages of the drugs outweigh the risks for acute myopathy. An acute myopathy has been observed with the use of high doses of corticosteroids in patients receiving concomitant long-term therapy with neuromuscular blockers. Clinical improvement or recovery after stopping therapy may require weeks to years.
Vigabatrin: (Major) Vigabatrin should not be used with corticosteroids, which are associated with serious ophthalmic effects (e.g., retinopathy or glaucoma) unless the benefit of treatment clearly outweighs the risks.
Vincristine Liposomal: (Moderate) Use sodium phosphate cautiously with corticosteroids, especially mineralocorticoids or corticotropin, ACTH, as concurrent use can cause hypernatremia.
Vonoprazan; Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin: (Minor) Postmarketing reports of interactions with coadministration of clarithromycin and methylprednisolone have been noted. Clarithromycin is a CYP3A4 inhibitor and may decrease the clearance of methylprednisolone if coadministered.
Voriconazole: (Moderate) Monitor for potential adrenal dysfunction with concomitant use of voriconazole and methylprednisolone. In patients taking corticosteroids, voriconazole-associated CYP3A4 inhibition of their metabolism may lead to corticosteroid excess and adrenal suppression. Corticosteroid exposure is likely to be increased. Voriconazole is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, and methylprednisolone is a CYP3A4 substrate.
Vorinostat: (Moderate) Use vorinostat and corticosteroids together with caution; the risk of QT prolongation and arrhythmias may be increased if electrolyte abnormalities occur. Corticosteroids may cause electrolyte imbalances; hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, or hypocalcemia and may increase the risk of QT prolongation with vorinostat. Frequently monitor serum electrolytes if concomitant use of these drugs is necessary.
Warfarin: (Moderate) Monitor the INR if warfarin is administered with corticosteroids. The effect of corticosteroids on warfarin is variable. There are reports of enhanced as well as diminished effects of anticoagulants when given concurrently with corticosteroids; however, limited published data exist, and the mechanism of the interaction is not well described. High-dose corticosteroids appear to pose a greater risk for increased anticoagulant effect. In addition, corticosteroids have been associated with a risk of peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal bleeding.
Zafirlukast: (Minor) Zafirlukast inhibits the CYP3A4 isoenzymes and should be used cautiously in patients stabilized on drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, such as corticosteroids.
How Supplied
A-Methapred/Methylprednisolone/Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate/Solu-Medrol Intramuscular Inj Pwd F/Sol: 1g, 2g, 40mg, 125mg, 500mg
A-Methapred/Methylprednisolone/Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate/Solu-Medrol Intravenous Inj Pwd F/Sol: 1g, 2g, 40mg, 125mg, 500mg
Depmedalone-40/Depmedalone-80/Depo-Medrol/Methylprednisolone/Methylprednisolone Acetate Intralesional Inj Susp: 1mL, 40mg, 80mg
Depmedalone-40/Depmedalone-80/Depo-Medrol/Methylprednisolone/Methylprednisolone Acetate Intramuscular Inj Susp: 1mL, 20mg, 40mg, 80mg
Depmedalone-40/Depmedalone-80/Depo-Medrol/Methylprednisolone/Methylprednisolone Acetate Intrasynovial Inj Susp: 1mL, 20mg, 40mg, 80mg
Depmedalone-40/Depmedalone-80/Depo-Medrol/Methylprednisolone/Methylprednisolone Acetate Soft Tissue Inj Susp: 1mL, 40mg, 80mg
Depo-Medrol Intra-Articular Inj Susp: 1mL, 40mg, 80mg
Medrol/Medrol Dosepak/Methylprednisolone Oral Tab: 2mg, 4mg, 8mg, 16mg, 32mg
Maximum Dosage
Corticosteroid dosage must be individualized and is highly variable depending on the nature and severity of the disease, route of treatment, and on patient response.
Mechanism Of Action
Glucocorticoids are naturally occurring hormones that prevent or suppress inflammation and immune responses when administered at pharmacological doses. At the molecular level, unbound glucocorticoids readily cross cell membranes and bind with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic receptors. This binding induces a response by modifying transcription and, ultimately, protein synthesis to achieve the steroid's intended action. Such actions can include: inhibition of leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interference in the function of mediators of inflammatory response, and suppression of humoral immune responses. Some of the net effects include reduction in edema or scar tissue as well as a general suppression in immune response. The degree of clinical effect is normally related to the dose administered. The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. Lipocortins, in turn, control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of the precursor molecule arachidonic acid. Likewise, the numerous adverse effects related to corticosteroid use are usually related to the dose administered and the duration of therapy.
Pharmacokinetics
Methylprednisolone is administered orally; methylprednisolone sodium succinate solution is administered by IM and IV injection, and by IV infusion; methylprednisolone acetate suspension is administered by IM, intra-articular, intralesional, or soft tissue injection. The onset and duration of action of parenteral methylprednisolone are dependent on the route of administration, the site of administration, and, if the drug is administered by intra-articular or IM injection, the extent of the local blood supply. As with other corticosteroids, once in systemic circulation, methylprednisolone is quickly distributed into the kidneys, intestines, skin, liver, and muscle. Corticosteroids distribute into breast milk and cross the placenta. Methylprednisolone is metabolized by the liver to inactive metabolites. These inactive metabolites, as well as a small portion of unchanged drug, are excreted in the urine. The biological half-life of methylprednisolone is 18 to 36 hours.
Affected cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and drug transporters: CYP3A4
Methylprednisolone is a substrate of both CYP3A4, and may exhibit drug interactions with CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors.
Methylprednisolone is rapidly absorbed following an oral dose. Peak effects following oral administration occur within 1—2 hours.
Intravenous RouteFollowing IV administration of methylprednisolone sodium succinate, effects occur within 1 hour and excretion is almost complete within 12 hours. Repeat dosing is needed every 4 to 6 hours if continuously high plasma levels of methylprednisolone are required.
Intramuscular RouteSystemic absorption is rapid following IM administration of methylprednisolone sodium succinate.
Other Route(s)Intra-articular Route
Absorption of methylprednisolone from an intra-articular injection site can be very slow, continuing over about 7 days.
Pregnancy And Lactation
There are no adequate or well controlled studies of the use of methylprednisolone in pregnant women. Complications, including cleft palate, stillbirth, and premature abortion, have been reported when corticosteroids were administered during pregnancy in animals. If these drugs must be used during pregnancy, the potential risks should be discussed with the patient. Babies born to women receiving large doses of corticosteroids during pregnancy should be monitored for signs of adrenal insufficiency, and appropriate therapy should be initiated, if necessary. Corticosteroids have been shown to impair fertility in male rats. Under certain circumstances, methylprednisolone may be considered for use in the pregnant patient (e.g., severe asthma exacerbation); poorly-controlled asthma and exacerbations generally present a greater risk to the mother and fetus than do needed asthma treatments. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) include methylprednisolone as a last-line treatment option for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in patients who have failed other therapies and suggest a limited duration of use for this purpose in responding patients.
Corticosteroids distribute into breast milk, and the manufacturer states that because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing babies, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug. However, there have been reports of breast-feeding in 3 babies who were breast-fed from birth during maternal use of methylprednisolone (6 to 8 mg PO daily) with no reported adverse effects up to 3 months. In one of the reports, 2 babies had normal blood cell counts, no increase in infections, and above average growth rates. At higher daily methylprednisolone doses, avoidance of breast-feeding during times of peak milk concentrations (usually until 3 to 4 hours following a dose) can help limit infant exposure. While the American Academy of Pediatrics does not comment on the use of methylprednisolone during breast-feeding, it does consider other corticosteroids (prednisone and prednisolone) to be usually compatible with breast-feeding. Consider the benefits of breast-feeding, the risk of potential infant drug exposure, and the risk of an untreated or inadequately treated condition. If a breast-feeding infant experiences an adverse effect related to a maternally ingested drug, healthcare providers are encouraged to report the adverse effect to the FDA.