Navane

First Generation Antipsychotics

Oral Administration

May administer oral dosage forms with or without food. If stomach upset or nausea occur, take with food.

Oral Solid Formulations

Capsules:
Administer orally as prescribed.

Severe

neuroleptic malignant syndrome / Delayed / Incidence not known
tardive dyskinesia / Delayed / Incidence not known
seizures / Delayed / Incidence not known
aplastic anemia / Delayed / Incidence not known
pancytopenia / Delayed / Incidence not known
agranulocytosis / Delayed / Incidence not known
hemolytic anemia / Delayed / Incidence not known
retinopathy / Delayed / Incidence not known
corneal opacification / Delayed / Incidence not known
visual impairment / Early / Incidence not known
torsade de pointes / Rapid / Incidence not known
asphyxia / Early / Incidence not known
cardiac arrest / Early / Incidence not known
stroke / Early / Incidence not known
water intoxication / Delayed / Incidence not known
SIADH / Delayed / Incidence not known
lupus-like symptoms / Delayed / Incidence not known

Moderate

blurred vision / Early / 1.0-10.0
constipation / Delayed / 1.0-10.0
hypotension / Rapid / 1.0-10.0
leukopenia / Delayed / 0-1.0
orthostatic hypotension / Delayed / 0-1.0
pseudoparkinsonism / Delayed / 10.0
dystonic reaction / Delayed / 10.0
akathisia / Delayed / 10.0
hallucinations / Early / Incidence not known
peripheral edema / Delayed / Incidence not known
neutropenia / Delayed / Incidence not known
thrombocytopenia / Delayed / Incidence not known
eosinophilia / Delayed / Incidence not known
contact dermatitis / Delayed / Incidence not known
elevated hepatic enzymes / Delayed / Incidence not known
cholestasis / Delayed / Incidence not known
jaundice / Delayed / Incidence not known
dysphagia / Delayed / Incidence not known
sinus tachycardia / Rapid / Incidence not known
QT prolongation / Rapid / Incidence not known
hyperprolactinemia / Delayed / Incidence not known
ejaculation dysfunction / Delayed / Incidence not known
galactorrhea / Delayed / Incidence not known
infertility / Delayed / Incidence not known
impotence (erectile dysfunction) / Delayed / Incidence not known
hyperglycemia / Delayed / Incidence not known
glycosuria / Early / Incidence not known
hypoglycemia / Early / Incidence not known
hyperthermia / Delayed / Incidence not known
hyponatremia / Delayed / Incidence not known

Mild

nausea / Early / 1.0-10.0
leukocytosis / Delayed / 0-1.0
vomiting / Early / 0-1.0
xerostomia / Early / 10.0
weight gain / Delayed / 10.0
appetite stimulation / Delayed / 10.0
restlessness / Early / Incidence not known
insomnia / Early / Incidence not known
agitation / Early / Incidence not known
fatigue / Early / Incidence not known
dizziness / Early / Incidence not known
drowsiness / Early / Incidence not known
weakness / Early / Incidence not known
nasal congestion / Early / Incidence not known
fever / Early / Incidence not known
purpura / Delayed / Incidence not known
pruritus / Rapid / Incidence not known
photosensitivity / Delayed / Incidence not known
urticaria / Rapid / Incidence not known
hyperhidrosis / Delayed / Incidence not known
rash / Early / Incidence not known
skin hyperpigmentation / Delayed / Incidence not known
hypersalivation / Early / Incidence not known
anorexia / Delayed / Incidence not known
diarrhea / Early / Incidence not known
syncope / Early / Incidence not known
mastalgia / Delayed / Incidence not known
amenorrhea / Delayed / Incidence not known
gynecomastia / Delayed / Incidence not known
breast enlargement / Delayed / Incidence not known
libido decrease / Delayed / Incidence not known
menstrual irregularity / Delayed / Incidence not known
hypothermia / Delayed / Incidence not known

Dementia, geriatric, stroke

Geriatric patients may be more susceptible to the actions and adverse effects of conventional antipsychotics, including tardive dyskinesia, dystonias, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, and risk for falls and fractures. Initiate treatment with lower doses followed by careful dosage titration and close monitoring. Antipsychotics are not approved for the treatment of dementia-related psychosis in geriatric patients and the use of thiothixene in this population should be avoided if possible due to an increase in morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with dementia receiving antipsychotics. Deaths have typically resulted from heart failure, sudden death, or infections. An increased incidence of cerebrovascular adverse events (e.g., stroke, transient ischemic attack), including fatal events, has also been reported. The Beers Criteria consider antipsychotics to be potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in elderly patients and use should be avoided except for treating schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The Beers panel recommends avoiding thiothixene in geriatric patients with delirium, dementia, lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia in men, or Parkinson's disease. Non-pharmacological strategies are first-line options for treating delirium- or dementia-related behavioral problems unless they have failed or are not possible and the patient is a substantial threat to self or others. If antipsychotic use is necessary in geriatrics with a history of falls or fractures, consider reducing the use of other CNS depressants and implement other fall risk strategies. Due to the potential for antipsychotic-induced hyponatremia and SIADH, sodium levels should be closely monitored when an antipsychotic is initiated and after dose changes. According to the federal Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) regulations in residents of long-term care facilities, antipsychotic therapy should only be initiated in a patient with behavioral or psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) when the patient is a danger to self or others or has symptoms due to mania or psychosis. For acute conditions persisting beyond 7 days, appropriate non-pharmacologic interventions must be attempted, unless clinically contraindicated and documented. OBRA provides general dosing guidance for antipsychotic treatment of BPSD. Antipsychotics are subject to periodic review for effectiveness, medical necessity, gradual dose reduction (GDR), or rationale for continued use. Refer to the OBRA guidelines for complete information.

Navane

Rx

Antipsychotic drug structurally similar to phenothiazines; 5 mg PO equivalent to 100 mg chlorpromazine; increased risk of death in elderly patients treated for dementia-related psychosis.

For the treatment of schizophrenia. Oral dosage Adults

Initially, 2 mg PO 3 times daily or 5 mg PO twice daily, depending on severity of the condition. Increase dosage gradually based upon response and tolerability. In general, a lower initial dosage and slower titration are advisable in geriatric or debilitated patients. The usual optimal dosage is in the range of 20 to 30 mg/day PO given in divided doses, but doses up to 60 mg/day may be necessary for severe conditions. Exceeding 60 mg/day rarely increases the beneficial response. For maintenance therapy, the lowest effective dosage should be used. A single daily dose may be used if desired.

Children and Adolescents 12 to 17 years

Initially, 2 mg PO 3 times daily or 5 mg PO twice daily, depending on the severity of the condition. Increase dosage gradually based upon response and tolerability. The usual optimal dosage is in the range of 20 to 30 mg/day PO given in divided doses, but doses up to 60 mg/day may be necessary for severe conditions. Exceeding 60 mg/day rarely increases the beneficial response. For maintenance therapy, the lowest effective dosage should be used. A single daily dose may be used if desired.

Children 5 to 11 years†

Data are very limited. In children, weight-based dosing is often used. A dose of 0.25 mg/kg/day PO, given in divided doses, has been suggested as an effective dose. In 1 small clinical trial of 10 boys (ages 5 to 15 years) with a diagnosis of autism, schizophrenia, or organic psychosis and inadequate response to prior treatment, the efficacy of thiothixene was compared to placebo alone followed by trihexyphenidyl alone during a run-in period. After the run-in period, trihexyphenidyl was continued as a prophylactic for extrapyramidal symptoms. Thiothixene was initiated at 1 mg/day PO and titrated to response and tolerability. Maximum tolerated dose range: 6 to 60 mg/day (mean 27 mg/day); optimum daily dose ranged from 6 to 30 mg/day (mean 14 mg/day). Analysis of the psychiatric rating scale for children showed significant improvement over both placebo and trihexyphenidyl monotherapy for the following symptoms: quantity and quality of motor activity, quantity of speech, thought content, social relationships, mood, anger, feeding, attention disorder, and emotional unresponsiveness.

For the treatment of severe behavioral or psychological symptoms of dementia† (BPSD)†. Oral dosage Geriatric Adults

Initially, 1 to 2 mg PO once or twice per day. May gradually increase every 4 to 7 days by 1 to 2 mg/day as needed and tolerated. The dosage may range from 2 to 30 mg/day given in 1 to 3 divided doses. Antipsychotics are not FDA-approved for this indication, and the labeling of all antipsychotics contains a boxed warning noting an increased risk of death in geriatric patients being treated for behavioral problems associated with dementia. The federal Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) regulates the use of antipsychotics in long-term care facility residents with dementia-related behavioral symptoms. OBRA Max: 7 mg/day PO in residents meeting the OBRA criteria for treatment, except when documentation is provided showing that higher doses are necessary to maintain or improve the resident's functional status. In addition, the facility must attempt a gradual dose reduction (GDR) in 2 separate quarters, at least 1 month apart, within the first year of admission to the facility or after the facility has initiated an antipsychotic, unless clinically contraindicated. After the first year, a GDR must be attempted annually unless clinically contraindicated. The GDR may be considered clinically contraindicated if the target symptoms returned or worsened after the most recent GDR attempt within the facility and the physician has documented justification for why attempting additional dose reductions at that time would likely impair the resident's function or increase distressed behavior.

†Indicates off-label use

Hepatic Impairment

Specific data for hepatic impairment are not available; no dosage adjustments in this population have been noted. Patients who develop jaundice secondary to thiothixene use should have therapy discontinued.

Renal Impairment

Specific data for renal impairment are not available; no dosage adjustments in this population have been noted.
 
Intermittent hemodialysis or Peritoneal dialysis
There are no data on the use of peritoneal or hemodialysis with thiothixene, but they are known to be of little value in removing related medications (phenothiazines).

Acebutolol: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Acetaminophen; Aspirin; Diphenhydramine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like dihydrocodeine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect. Avoid prescribing opioid cough medication in patients taking thiothixene.
Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Pyrilamine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur. (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine : (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur. (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Acetaminophen; Codeine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like codeine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect. Avoid prescribing opioid cough medication in patients taking thiothixene.
Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Doxylamine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene: (Moderate) The CNS depressant effects of dichloralphenazone can be potentiated by other CNS depressants including thiothixene. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Acetaminophen; Diphenhydramine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Acetaminophen; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydrocodone with thiothixene may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Additive CNS depression may occur. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of thiothixene could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If thiothixene is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Thiothixene is a weak inhibitor of CYP2D6.
Acetaminophen; Oxycodone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like oxycodone with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Acetaminophen; Pamabrom; Pyrilamine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Acetaminophen; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Acrivastine; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Alfentanil: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like alfentanil with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Aliskiren: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Aliskiren; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Alpha-blockers: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Amantadine: (Moderate) Although the mechanism of amantadine is not clear, it may potentiate the actions of dopamine. Since thiothixene is a dopamine antagonist, this drug is best avoided when possible in patients with Parkinson's disease who require amantadine therapy.
Amifampridine: (Major) Carefully consider the need for concomitant treatment with thiothixene and amifampridine, as coadministration may increase the risk of seizures. If coadministration occurs, closely monitor patients for seizure activity. Seizures have been observed in patients without a history of seizures taking amifampridine at recommended doses. Thiothixene may increase the risk of seizures.
Amiloride: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Amiloride; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Aminolevulinic Acid: (Moderate) Thiothixene may increase the effects of photosensitizing agents used during photodynamic therapy. Patients receiving phenothiazines should avoid ultra-violet (UV) exposure whenever possible.
Amiodarone: (Contraindicated) Amiodarone prolongs the QT interval and could lead to additive orthostatic hypotension and/or prolonged QT syndrome and torsade de pointes when combined with thiothixene and use should be done with caution and close monitoring, if not avoided.
Amitriptyline: (Moderate) Concurrent use of thiothixene and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may result in additive anticholinergic effects, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension. Additive effects may be more pronounced when thiothixene is used with tertiary TCAs including amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, and trimipramine versus secondary TCAs such as desipramine, nortriptyline, and protriptyline.
Amlodipine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Amlodipine; Atorvastatin: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Amlodipine; Benazepril: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Amlodipine; Celecoxib: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Amlodipine; Olmesartan: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Amlodipine; Valsartan: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Amlodipine; Valsartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Amobarbital: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as general anesthetics. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Amoxapine: (Moderate) Use caution during co-administration of amoxapine and thiothixene. Amoxapine exhibits some antipsychotic activity and may increase the risk of tardive dyskinesia or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) when antipsychotics are given concurrently. CNS effects, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, and lowering of seizure threshold are potential problems with the combined use of amoxapine and antipsychotics.
Amphetamine; Dextroamphetamine Salts: (Major) Concurrent use of antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, and amphetamines should generally be avoided. Antipsychotics and amphetamines may interact pharmacodynamically to diminish the therapeutic effects of either agent through opposing effects on dopamine. Amphetamines are thought to block central dopamine reuptake, which has the potential to exacerbate psychosis, and antipsychotics, which are central dopamine antagonists, may diminish the effectiveness of amphetamines.
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Anticholinergics: (Moderate) Anticholinergics may have additive effects with thiothixene, an antipsychotic with the potential for anticholinergic activity. Monitor for anticholinergic-related adverse effects such as xerostomia, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention during concurrent use.
Apomorphine: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and dopamine agonists may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic instead of thiothixene, if appropriate. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Aripiprazole: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of aripiprazole with other CNS depressants such as thiothixene. The risk of drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, anticholinergic effects, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or seizures may be increased during combined use; therefore, it may be advisable to initiate treatment with lower dosages if combination therapy is deemed necessary. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Articaine; Epinephrine: (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction.
Asenapine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and other antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of the barbiturates. Barbiturates may induce the hepatic metabolism of thiothixene, possibly resulting in decreased neuroleptic effect. Thiothixene does not intensify the anticonvulsant effects of the barbiturates.
Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs, such skeletal muscle relaxants. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs, such skeletal muscle relaxants. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like codeine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect. Avoid prescribing opioid cough medication in patients taking thiothixene. (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs, such skeletal muscle relaxants. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate: (Major) Antacids may reduce the oral availablility of thiothixene. To avoid this, administer thiothixene at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like oxycodone with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Atenolol: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Atenolol; Chlorthalidone: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Azelastine: (Moderate) An enhanced CNS depressant effect may occur when azelastine is combined with other CNS depressants including thiothixene.
Azelastine; Fluticasone: (Moderate) An enhanced CNS depressant effect may occur when azelastine is combined with other CNS depressants including thiothixene.
Azilsartan: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Azilsartan; Chlorthalidone: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Baclofen: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs, such skeletal muscle relaxants. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Belladonna; Opium: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like opium with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Benazepril: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Benazepril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Benzhydrocodone; Acetaminophen: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like benzhydrocodone with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Benzodiazepines: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as benzodiazepines. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Benzphetamine: (Major) Concurrent use of antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, and amphetamines should generally be avoided. Antipsychotics and amphetamines may interact pharmacodynamically to diminish the therapeutic effects of either agent through opposing effects on dopamine. Amphetamines are thought to block central dopamine reuptake, which has the potential to exacerbate psychosis, and antipsychotics, which are central dopamine antagonists, may diminish the effectiveness of amphetamines.
Betaxolol: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Bisoprolol: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Bisoprolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Brexpiprazole: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of brexpiprazole with other antipsychotics such as thiothixene. The risk of drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, anticholinergic effects, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or seizures may be increased during combined use; therefore, it may be advisable to initiate treatment with lower dosages if combination therapy is deemed necessary. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Bromocriptine: (Major) Avoid concurrent use of thiothixene and bromocriptine when possible. Thiothixene is noted to result in a decreased efficacy of bromocriptine. The prolactin-lowering effect of bromocriptine is antagonized; the elevation in prolactin levels produced by thiothixene persists with chronic administration. However, bromocriptine does not appear to interfere with the antipsychotic effects of thiothixene if it is added to a stable neuroleptic regimen.
Brompheniramine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur. (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Brompheniramine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur. (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine; Dextromethorphan: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Bumetanide: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Bupivacaine; Epinephrine: (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction.
Bupropion: (Major) Bupropion is associated with a dose-related risk of seizures. Extreme caution is recommended during concurrent use of other drugs that may lower the seizure threshold such as antipsychotics. The manufacturer of bupropion recommends low initial dosing and slow dosage titration if this combination must be used; the patient should be closely monitored.
Bupropion; Naltrexone: (Major) Bupropion is associated with a dose-related risk of seizures. Extreme caution is recommended during concurrent use of other drugs that may lower the seizure threshold such as antipsychotics. The manufacturer of bupropion recommends low initial dosing and slow dosage titration if this combination must be used; the patient should be closely monitored.
Buspirone: (Moderate) The combination of buspirone and CNS depressants like thiothixene can increase the risk for sedation.
Butabarbital: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as butabarbital. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension. The pre-anesthesia administration of thiothixene may increase the hypotensive effects of barbiturate anesthetics. Due to a lowering of seizure threshold by thiothixene, adequate barbiturate therapy should be maintained, if administered for anticonvulsant purposes, when thiothixene is added.
Butalbital; Acetaminophen: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of the barbiturates. Barbiturates may induce the hepatic metabolism of thiothixene, possibly resulting in decreased neuroleptic effect. Thiothixene does not intensify the anticonvulsant effects of the barbiturates.
Butalbital; Acetaminophen; Caffeine: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of the barbiturates. Barbiturates may induce the hepatic metabolism of thiothixene, possibly resulting in decreased neuroleptic effect. Thiothixene does not intensify the anticonvulsant effects of the barbiturates.
Butalbital; Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Codeine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like codeine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect. Avoid prescribing opioid cough medication in patients taking thiothixene. (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of the barbiturates. Barbiturates may induce the hepatic metabolism of thiothixene, possibly resulting in decreased neuroleptic effect. Thiothixene does not intensify the anticonvulsant effects of the barbiturates.
Butalbital; Aspirin; Caffeine; Codeine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like codeine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect. Avoid prescribing opioid cough medication in patients taking thiothixene. (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of the barbiturates. Barbiturates may induce the hepatic metabolism of thiothixene, possibly resulting in decreased neuroleptic effect. Thiothixene does not intensify the anticonvulsant effects of the barbiturates.
Butorphanol: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as butorphanol. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Cabergoline: (Moderate) Cabergoline should not be coadministered with thiothixene due to mutually antagonistic effects on dopaminergic function. The dopamine antagonist action of thiothixene may diminish the prolactin-lowering ability of cabergoline while the dopamine agonist effects of cabergoline may exacerbate a psychotic disorder, reducing the effectiveness of antipsychotics such as thiothixene.
Calcium Carbonate: (Major) Antacids may reduce the oral availablility of thiothixene. To avoid this, administer thiothixene at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Calcium Carbonate; Famotidine; Magnesium Hydroxide: (Major) Antacids may reduce the oral availablility of thiothixene. To avoid this, administer thiothixene at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Calcium Carbonate; Magnesium Hydroxide: (Major) Antacids may reduce the oral availablility of thiothixene. To avoid this, administer thiothixene at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Calcium Carbonate; Magnesium Hydroxide; Simethicone: (Major) Antacids may reduce the oral availablility of thiothixene. To avoid this, administer thiothixene at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Calcium Carbonate; Simethicone: (Major) Antacids may reduce the oral availablility of thiothixene. To avoid this, administer thiothixene at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Calcium; Vitamin D: (Major) Antacids may reduce the oral availablility of thiothixene. To avoid this, administer thiothixene at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Calcium-channel blockers: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Candesartan: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Candesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Cannabidiol: (Moderate) Monitor for excessive sedation and somnolence during coadministration of cannabidiol and thiothixene. CNS depressants can potentiate the effects of cannabidiol.
Capsaicin; Metaxalone: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs, such skeletal muscle relaxants. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Captopril: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Captopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Carbamazepine: (Major) Thiothixene, when used concomitantly with carbamazepine, can increase CNS depression and lower the seizure threshold. Adequate dosages of anticonvulsants should be continued when thiothixene is added; monitor for loss of seizure control or the need for dosage adjustments of either the neuroleptic or the anticonvulsant. In addition, carbamazepine is a potent inducer of the cytochrome P-450 mixed-function hepatic oxidase system, and can reduce plasma concentrations of thiothixene to undetectable levels. If thiothixene and carbamazepine must be used together, then dosage adjustments of thiothixene may be required.
Carbidopa; Levodopa: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and levodopa may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic as an alternative to thiothixene. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Carbidopa; Levodopa; Entacapone: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and COMT inhibitors may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic as an alternative to thiothixene. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors. (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and levodopa may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic as an alternative to thiothixene. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Carbinoxamine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Cariprazine: (Major) Avoid use of these drugs together due to duplicative therapeutic effects and additive risks for drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. Cariprazine, like other antipsychotics, has the potential to impair judgment, thinking, or motor skills. The use of cariprazine with other antipsychotic agents, such as thiothixene, would be expected to have additive risks for pharmacologic effects and adverse reactions. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during combined use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Carisoprodol: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs, such skeletal muscle relaxants. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Carteolol: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Carvedilol: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Celecoxib; Tramadol: (Moderate) Monitor patients receiving tramadol and thiothixene for serious adverse events including seizures and serotonin syndrome, signs and symptoms that may reflect opioid toxicity, and opioid withdrawal. If thiothixene is discontinued, consider reducing tramadol dosage until stable drug effects are achieved. Monitor patients closely for adverse events including respiratory depression and sedation. Concomitant use of tramadol with thiothixene may result in an increase in tramadol plasma concentrations and a decrease in the concentrations of the active metabolite, M1. A decrease in M1 exposure in patients who have developed physical dependence to tramadol may result in signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal and reduced efficacy. The effect of increased tramadol concentrations may be an increased risk for serious adverse events including seizures and serotonin syndrome. Discontinuation of thiothixene may result in a decrease in tramadol plasma concentrations and an increase in active metabolite M1 concentrations, which could increase or prolong adverse reactions related to opioid toxicity and may cause potentially fatal respiratory depression. Also, concomitant use of tramadol increases the seizure risk in patients taking thiothixene. Tramadol is a CYP2D6 substrate, and thiothixene is a weak CYP2D6 inhibitor.
Cenobamate: (Moderate) Monitor for excessive sedation and somnolence during coadministration of cenobamate and thiothixene. Concurrent use may result in additive CNS depression.
Cetirizine: (Moderate) Concurrent use of cetirizine/levocetirizine with thiothixene should generally be avoided. Coadministration may increase the risk of CNS depressant-related side effects. If concurrent use is necessary, monitor for excessive sedation and somnolence.
Cetirizine; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Concurrent use of cetirizine/levocetirizine with thiothixene should generally be avoided. Coadministration may increase the risk of CNS depressant-related side effects. If concurrent use is necessary, monitor for excessive sedation and somnolence.
Cetrorelix: (Moderate) In the absence of relevant data and as a precaution, drugs that cause hyperprolactinemia including thiothixene should not be administered concomitantly with cetrorelix since hyperprolactinemia downregulates the number of pituitary GnRH receptors.
Charcoal: (Major) The absorption of thiothixene is reduced when coadministered with activated charcoal. Concomitant administration is not recommended, however, coadministration with activated charcoal may be appropriate in certain overdose situations.
Chlophedianol; Dexbrompheniramine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Chlophedianol; Dexchlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Chlorcyclizine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Chlordiazepoxide; Amitriptyline: (Moderate) Concurrent use of thiothixene and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may result in additive anticholinergic effects, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension. Additive effects may be more pronounced when thiothixene is used with tertiary TCAs including amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, and trimipramine versus secondary TCAs such as desipramine, nortriptyline, and protriptyline.
Chlorothiazide: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Chlorpheniramine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Chlorpheniramine; Codeine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur. (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like codeine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect. Avoid prescribing opioid cough medication in patients taking thiothixene.
Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur. (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur. (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like dihydrocodeine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect. Avoid prescribing opioid cough medication in patients taking thiothixene. (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur. (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydrocodone with thiothixene may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Additive CNS depression may occur. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of thiothixene could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If thiothixene is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Thiothixene is a weak inhibitor of CYP2D6.
Chlorpheniramine; Ibuprofen; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur. (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Chlorpromazine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and the phenothiazine antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of phenothiazines and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone. Administration of thiothixene with antipsychotics that are metabolized by CYP2D6, such as phenothiazines, should be approached with great caution. Thiothixene has been shown to inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro and serum concentrations of phenothiazines may increase.
Chlorthalidone: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Chlorthalidone; Clonidine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Chlorzoxazone: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs, such skeletal muscle relaxants. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Clemastine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Clevidipine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Clobazam: (Major) Clobazam, a benzodiazepine, may cause drowsiness or other CNS effects which may be potentiated during concurrent use of conventional antipsychotics including thiothixene. Antipsychotics may lower the seizure threshold and reduce the effectiveness of clobazam as an anticonvulsant.
Clomipramine: (Moderate) Concurrent use of thiothixene and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may result in additive anticholinergic effects, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension. Additive effects may be more pronounced when thiothixene is used with tertiary TCAs including amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, and trimipramine versus secondary TCAs such as desipramine, nortriptyline, and protriptyline.
Clonidine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Clozapine: (Major) Co-administration of clozapine with thiothixene may increase the risk of adverse effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or seizures.
Codeine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like codeine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect. Avoid prescribing opioid cough medication in patients taking thiothixene.
Codeine; Guaifenesin: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like codeine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect. Avoid prescribing opioid cough medication in patients taking thiothixene.
Codeine; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like codeine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect. Avoid prescribing opioid cough medication in patients taking thiothixene.
Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and the phenothiazine antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of phenothiazines and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone. Administration of thiothixene with antipsychotics that are metabolized by CYP2D6, such as phenothiazines, should be approached with great caution. Thiothixene has been shown to inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro and serum concentrations of phenothiazines may increase. (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like codeine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect. Avoid prescribing opioid cough medication in patients taking thiothixene. (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Codeine; Promethazine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and the phenothiazine antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of phenothiazines and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone. Administration of thiothixene with antipsychotics that are metabolized by CYP2D6, such as phenothiazines, should be approached with great caution. Thiothixene has been shown to inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro and serum concentrations of phenothiazines may increase. (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like codeine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect. Avoid prescribing opioid cough medication in patients taking thiothixene.
COMT inhibitors: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and COMT inhibitors may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic as an alternative to thiothixene. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Cyclizine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Cyclobenzaprine: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs, such skeletal muscle relaxants. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Cyproheptadine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Dantrolene: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs, such skeletal muscle relaxants. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Degarelix: (Major) Avoid coadministration of degarelix with thiothixene due to the risk of reduced efficacy of degarelix. Thiothixene can cause hyperprolactinemia, which reduces the number of pituitary gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors; degarelix is a GnRH analog.
Desipramine: (Moderate) Concurrent use of thiothixene and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may result in additive anticholinergic effects, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension. Additive effects may be more pronounced when thiothixene is used with tertiary TCAs including amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, and trimipramine versus secondary TCAs such as desipramine, nortriptyline, and protriptyline.
Deutetrabenazine: (Major) Monitor for signs and symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), restlessness, and agitation. If NMS is diagnosed, immediately discontinue deutetrabenazine, and provide intensive symptomatic treatment and medical monitoring. Recurrence of NMS has been reported with resumption of drug therapy. If akathisia or parkinsonism develops during treatment, the deutetrabenazine dose should be reduced; discontinuation may be required. Deutetrabenazine is a reversible, dopamine depleting drug and thiothixene is a dopamine antagonist. The risk for parkinsonism, NMS, or akathisia may be increased with concomitant administration. Additionally, advise patients that concurrent use of deutetrabenazine and drugs that cause CNS depression, such as thiothixene, may have additive effects and worsen drowsiness or sedation.
Dexbrompheniramine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Dexbrompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Dexchlorpheniramine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Dexchlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Dextromethorphan; Bupropion: (Major) Bupropion is associated with a dose-related risk of seizures. Extreme caution is recommended during concurrent use of other drugs that may lower the seizure threshold such as antipsychotics. The manufacturer of bupropion recommends low initial dosing and slow dosage titration if this combination must be used; the patient should be closely monitored.
Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur. (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Diazoxide: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Difelikefalin: (Moderate) Monitor for dizziness, somnolence, mental status changes, and gait disturbances if concomitant use of difelikefalin with CNS depressants is necessary. Concomitant use may increase the risk for these adverse reactions.
Diltiazem: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Dimenhydrinate: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Diphenhydramine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Diphenhydramine; Ibuprofen: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Diphenhydramine; Naproxen: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with

other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur. (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
dopamine agonists: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and dopamine agonists may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic instead of thiothixene, if appropriate. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Dopamine: (Moderate) The vasoconstrictive properties of dopamine infusion can be decreased by the alpha-adrenergic blocking effect of thiothixene. Because the alpha-blocking effect of thiothixene is weak, a significant interaction is unlikely.
Doxepin: (Moderate) Concurrent use of thiothixene and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may result in additive anticholinergic effects, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension. Additive effects may be more pronounced when thiothixene is used with tertiary TCAs including amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, and trimipramine versus secondary TCAs such as desipramine, nortriptyline, and protriptyline.
Doxorubicin Liposomal: (Major) In vitro, thiothixene is a mild CYP2D6 inhibitor; doxorubicin is a major substrate of CYP2D6. Clinically significant interactions have been reported when doxorubicin was coadministered with inhibitors of CYP2D6, resulting in increased concentration and clinical effect of doxorubicin. Avoid coadministration of thiothixene and doxorubicin if possible. If not possible, closely monitor for increased side effects of doxorubicin including myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity.
Doxorubicin: (Major) In vitro, thiothixene is a mild CYP2D6 inhibitor; doxorubicin is a major substrate of CYP2D6. Clinically significant interactions have been reported when doxorubicin was coadministered with inhibitors of CYP2D6, resulting in increased concentration and clinical effect of doxorubicin. Avoid coadministration of thiothixene and doxorubicin if possible. If not possible, closely monitor for increased side effects of doxorubicin including myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity.
Doxylamine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Doxylamine; Pyridoxine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Dronabinol: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as dronabinol. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Eliglustat: (Moderate) In extensive CYP2D6 metabolizers (EM) with mild hepatic impairment, coadministration of thiothixene and eliglustat requires dosage reduction of eliglustat to 84 mg PO once daily. Thiothixene is a weak CYP2D6 inhibitor; eliglustat is a CYP3A and CYP2D6 substrate. Coadministration with CYP2D6 inhibitors, such as thiothixene, may increase eliglustat exposure and the risk of serious adverse events (e.g., QT prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias).
Enalapril, Enalaprilat: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Enalapril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Entacapone: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and COMT inhibitors may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic as an alternative to thiothixene. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Ephedrine: (Major) The alpha-adrenergic effects of adrenergic agonists like ephedrine, can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called 'epinephrine reversal,' which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction.
Ephedrine; Guaifenesin: (Major) The alpha-adrenergic effects of adrenergic agonists like ephedrine, can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called 'epinephrine reversal,' which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction.
Epinephrine: (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction.
Eplerenone: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Epoprostenol: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Eprosartan: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Eprosartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Esketamine: (Moderate) Closely monitor patients receiving esketamine and thiothixene for sedation and other CNS depressant effects. Instruct patients who receive a dose of esketamine not to drive or engage in other activities requiring alertness until the next day after a restful sleep.
Esmolol: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Eszopiclone: (Moderate) A reduction in the dose of eszopiclone should be considered during co-administration of other CNS depressants, such as thiothixene, to minimize additive sedative effects. In addition, the risk of next-day psychomotor impairment is increased during co-administration of eszopiclone and other CNS depressants, which may decrease the ability to perform tasks requiring full mental alertness such as driving. Antipsychotics with a higher incidence of sedation, such as olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine, lurasidone, chlorpromazine, and thioridazine, are more likely to interact with eszopiclone. In one evaluation, concurrent use of eszopiclone and olanzapine reduced psychomotor function as measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST).
Ethacrynic Acid: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Ethanol: (Major) Advise patients to avoid alcohol consumption while taking CNS depressants. Alcohol consumption may result in additive CNS depression.
Ethiodized Oil: (Major) Use of medications that lower the seizure threshold, such as thiothixene, should be carefully evaluated when considering intrathecal radiopaque contrast agents. Antipsychotics should be discontinued at least 48 hours before myelography and should not be resumed for at least 24 hours postprocedure.
Ethosuximide: (Moderate) Concomitant use of ethosuximide with thiothixene can lower the seizure threshold and reduce the effectiveness of ethosuximide as an anticonvulsant. Additive CNS effects, such as drowsiness, may also occur.
Etomidate: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as general anesthetics. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Felodipine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Fenfluramine: (Moderate) Monitor for excessive sedation and somnolence during coadministration of fenfluramine and thiothixene. Concurrent use may result in additive CNS depression.
Fenoldopam: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Fentanyl: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like fentanyl with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Fluphenazine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and the phenothiazine antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of phenothiazines and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone. Administration of thiothixene with antipsychotics that are metabolized by CYP2D6, such as phenothiazines, should be approached with great caution. Thiothixene has been shown to inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro and serum concentrations of phenothiazines may increase.
Food: (Major) Advise patients to avoid cannabis use while taking CNS depressants due to the risk for additive CNS depression and potential for other cognitive adverse reactions.
Fosinopril: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Fosinopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Furosemide: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Gabapentin: (Moderate) Monitor for excessive sedation and somnolence during coadministration of thiothixene and gabapentin. Concurrent use may result in additive CNS depression.
Ganirelix: (Moderate) In the absence of relevant data and as a precaution, drugs that cause hyperprolactinemia, including thiothixene, should not be administered concomitantly with ganirelix since hyperprolactinemia downregulates the number of pituitary GnRH receptors.
General anesthetics: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as general anesthetics. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Goserelin: (Major) Avoid coadministration of goserelin with thiothixene due to the risk of reduced efficacy of goserelin. Thiothixene can cause hyperprolactinemia, which reduces the number of pituitary gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors; goserelin is a GnRH analog.
Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydrocodone with thiothixene may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Additive CNS depression may occur. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of thiothixene could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If thiothixene is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Thiothixene is a weak inhibitor of CYP2D6.
Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Guanfacine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible. In addition, thiothixene can antagonize the pharmacologic actions of guanethidine. Both guanethidine and guanadrel should be avoided in patients receiving thiothixene.
Haloperidol: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and other antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of loxapine and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Histrelin: (Major) Avoid coadministration of histrelin with thiothixene due to the risk of reduced efficacy of histrelin. Thiothixene can cause hyperprolactinemia, which reduces the number of pituitary gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors; histrelin is a GnRH analog.
Homatropine; Hydrocodone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydrocodone with thiothixene may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Additive CNS depression may occur. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of thiothixene could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If thiothixene is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Thiothixene is a weak inhibitor of CYP2D6.
Hydantoins: (Major) Thiothixene, when used concomitantly with various anticonvulsants can increase CNS depression and also can lower the seizure threshold. Adequate dosages of anticonvulsants should be continued when thiothixene is added; patients should be monitored for clinical evidence of loss of seizure control or the need for dosage adjustments of either the neuroleptic or the anticonvulsant.
Hydralazine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Hydralazine; Isosorbide Dinitrate, ISDN: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Methyldopa: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible. (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible. Concurrent administration of thiothixene and methyldopa has been reported to cause dementia in some cases. The clinical importance of this interaction has not been established.
Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Moexipril: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Hydrocodone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydrocodone with thiothixene may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Additive CNS depression may occur. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of thiothixene could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If thiothixene is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Thiothixene is a weak inhibitor of CYP2D6.
Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen: (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydrocodone with thiothixene may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Additive CNS depression may occur. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of thiothixene could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If thiothixene is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Thiothixene is a weak inhibitor of CYP2D6.
Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of hydrocodone with thiothixene may increase hydrocodone plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Additive CNS depression may occur. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. If coadministration is necessary, monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of hydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. Discontinuation of thiothixene could decrease hydrocodone plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy, and potentially lead to a withdrawal syndrome in those with physical dependence to hydrocodone. If thiothixene is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. Hydrocodone is a substrate for CYP2D6. Thiothixene is a weak inhibitor of CYP2D6.
Hydromorphone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like hydromorphone with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Hydroxyzine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Ibuprofen; Oxycodone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like oxycodone with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Iloperidone: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and other antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of loxapine and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Iloprost: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Imipramine: (Moderate) Concurrent use of thiothixene and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may result in additive anticholinergic effects, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension. Additive effects may be more pronounced when thiothixene is used with tertiary TCAs including amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, and trimipramine versus secondary TCAs such as desipramine, nortriptyline, and protriptyline.
Indapamide: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Iodixanol: (Major) Use of medications that lower the seizure threshold, such as thiothixene, should be carefully evaluated when considering intrathecal radiopaque contrast agents. Antipsychotics should be discontinued at least 48 hours before myelography and should not be resumed for at least 24 hours postprocedure.
Iohexol: (Major) Use of medications that lower the seizure threshold, such as thiothixene, should be carefully evaluated when considering intrathecal radiopaque contrast agents. Antipsychotics should be discontinued at least 48 hours before myelography and should not be resumed for at least 24 hours postprocedure.
Iomeprol: (Major) Use of medications that lower the seizure threshold, such as thiothixene, should be carefully evaluated when considering intrathecal radiopaque contrast agents. Antipsychotics should be discontinued at least 48 hours before myelography and should not be resumed for at least 24 hours postprocedure.
Iopamidol: (Major) Use of medications that lower the seizure threshold, such as thiothixene, should be carefully evaluated when considering intrathecal radiopaque contrast agents. Antipsychotics should be discontinued at least 48 hours before myelography and should not be resumed for at least 24 hours postprocedure.
Iopromide: (Major) Use of medications that lower the seizure threshold, such as thiothixene, should be carefully evaluated when considering intrathecal radiopaque contrast agents. Antipsychotics should be discontinued at least 48 hours before myelography and should not be resumed for at least 24 hours postprocedure.
Ioversol: (Major) Use of medications that lower the seizure threshold, such as thiothixene, should be carefully evaluated when considering intrathecal radiopaque contrast agents. Antipsychotics should be discontinued at least 48 hours before myelography and should not be resumed for at least 24 hours postprocedure.
Irbesartan: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Irbesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Isocarboxazid: (Moderate) Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and thiothixene may prolong or intensify the hypotensive, anticholinergic, or sedative effects of either agent. Due to the potential for additive CNS and cardiovascular effects, MAOIs and thiothixene should be used together cautiously.
Isoflurane: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as general anesthetics. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Isoniazid, INH; Pyrazinamide, PZA; Rifampin: (Major) Limited data suggest that rifampin can increase the metabolism or reduce the bioavailability of thiothixene. Dosage adjustments of thiothixene may be necessary following the addition of rifampin or another rifamycin (e.g., rifabutin, rifapentine).
Isoniazid, INH; Rifampin: (Major) Limited data suggest that rifampin can increase the metabolism or reduce the bioavailability of thiothixene. Dosage adjustments of thiothixene may be necessary following the addition of rifampin or another rifamycin (e.g., rifabutin, rifapentine).
Isosulfan Blue: (Major) Use of medications that lower the seizure threshold, such as thiothixene, should be carefully evaluated when considering intrathecal radiopaque contrast agents. Antipsychotics should be discontinued at least 48 hours before myelography and should not be resumed for at least 24 hours postprocedure.
Isradipine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Ketamine: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as general anesthetics. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Labetalol: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Lasmiditan: (Moderate) Monitor for excessive sedation and somnolence during coadministration of lasmiditan and thiothixene. Concurrent use may result in additive CNS depression.
Leuprolide: (Major) Avoid coadministration of leuprolide with thiothixene due to the risk of reduced efficacy of leuprolide. Thiothixene can cause hyperprolactinemia, which reduces the number of pituitary gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors; leuprolide is a GnRH analog.
Leuprolide; Norethindrone: (Major) Avoid coadministration of leuprolide with thiothixene due to the risk of reduced efficacy of leuprolide. Thiothixene can cause hyperprolactinemia, which reduces the number of pituitary gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors; leuprolide is a GnRH analog.
Levamlodipine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Levocetirizine: (Moderate) Concurrent use of cetirizine/levocetirizine with thiothixene should generally be avoided. Coadministration may increase the risk of CNS depressant-related side effects. If concurrent use is necessary, monitor for excessive sedation and somnolence.
Levodopa: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and levodopa may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic as an alternative to thiothixene. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Levorphanol: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like levorphanol with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Lidocaine; Epinephrine: (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction.
Lisdexamfetamine: (Major) Concurrent use of antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, and amphetamines should generally be avoided. Antipsychotics and amphetamines may interact pharmacodynamically to diminish the therapeutic effects of either agent through opposing effects on dopamine. Amphetamines are thought to block central dopamine reuptake, which has the potential to exacerbate psychosis, and antipsychotics, which are central dopamine antagonists, may diminish the effectiveness of amphetamines.
Lisinopril: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Lisinopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Lithium: (Moderate) It is advisable to monitor patients for neurotoxicity during co-administration of lithium and thiothixene. Although conventional antipsychotics are considered a treatment option as adjuncts to mood stabilizers such as lithium, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and extrapyramidal effects have been observed occasionally during concurrent use. Early case reports described an encephalopathic syndrome consisting of delirium, tremulousness, dyskinesia, seizures, leukocytosis, weakness, hyperpyrexia, confusion, extrapyramidal symptoms, elevations in laboratory values (e.g., liver function tests, blood urea nitrogen, fasting blood sugar) and, in some cases, irreversible brain damage, during use of lithium and conventional antipsychotics, particularly haloperidol. Subsequent rare reports of NMS or NMS-like reactions have been described during co-administration of lithium and atypical antipsychotics (e.g., risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine). Following resolution of NMS, there are isolated instances of re-emergence of symptoms following re-initiation of lithium as monotherapy. Lithium may be a risk factor for antipsychotic-induced NMS; however, this hypothesis has not been confirmed. In many reported cases, confounding factors have been present (e.g., previous history of NMS, high dose therapy). The ability of antipsychotics alone to precipitate NMS and the rarity of the condition further complicate assessment of lithium as a risk factor.
Lofexidine: (Moderate) Monitor for excessive sedation during concurrent use of lofexidine and thiothixene. Lofexidine can potentiate the effects of CNS depressants, including thiothixene.
Loop diuretics: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Losartan: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Losartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Loxapine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of loxapine and other antipsychotics. Loxapine use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of loxapine and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Lumateperone: (Moderate) Coadministration of antipsychotics, such as lumateperone and thiothixene, may increase the risk of adverse effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or seizures. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from antipsychotic combinations has not been established and data are very limited, the risk may be increased during combined use versus use of an antipsychotic alone.
Lurasidone: (Major) Similar to other antipsychotics, lurasidone administration has been associated with drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. The risk of these adverse effects may be increased during concurrent use of lurasidone with other antipsychotics. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Mecamylamine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Meclizine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Meperidine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like meperidine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Meprobamate: (Moderate) Coadministration of meprobamate and thiothixene may result in additive CNS depressant effects.
Metaxalone: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs, such skeletal muscle relaxants. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Methadone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like methadone with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Methamphetamine: (Major) Concurrent use of antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, and amphetamines should generally be avoided. Antipsychotics and amphetamines may interact pharmacodynamically to diminish the therapeutic effects of either agent through opposing effects on dopamine. Amphetamines are thought to block central dopamine reuptake, which has the potential to exacerbate psychosis, and antipsychotics, which are central dopamine antagonists, may diminish the effectiveness of amphetamines.
Methohexital: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as methohexital. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Methyclothiazide: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Methyldopa: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible. Concurrent administration of thiothixene and methyldopa has been reported to cause dementia in some cases. The clinical importance of this interaction has not been established.
Metoclopramide: (Contraindicated) Avoid metoclopramide in patients receiving thiothixene due to potential for additive effects, including increased frequency and severity of tardive dyskinesia (TD), other extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Some manufacturer labels for metoclopramide contraindicate the use of these drugs together, while others state avoidance is necessary. If these agents must be used together, monitor closely for movement disorders and additive CNS effects. Discontinue these medications at the first signs of dyskinesia. In addition, both drugs may cause sedation, seizures, or increased prolactin levels.
Metolazone: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Metoprolol: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Metoprolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Metyrosine: (Moderate) Because it also blocks central dopamine receptors, metyrosine, should be avoided or used cautiously in patients receiving thiothixene to minimize the risk of additive adverse CNS effects.
Minoxidil: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Moexipril: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Molindone: (Major) Close monitoring is advisable during concurrent use of molindone with other antipsychotics. Because molindone shares certain pharmacological properties with other antipsychotics, additive cardiac effects (e.g., hypotension), CNS effects (e.g., drowsiness), or anticholinergic effects (e.g., constipation, xerostomia) may occur. Clinicians should note that antimuscarinic effects might be seen not only on GI smooth muscle, but also on bladder function, the eye, and temperature regulation.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: (Moderate) Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and thiothixene may prolong or intensify the hypotensive, anticholinergic, or sedative effects of either agent. Due to the potential for additive CNS and cardiovascular effects, MAOIs and thiothixene should be used together cautiously.
Morphine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like morphine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Morphine; Naltrexone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like morphine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Nabilone: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as nabilone. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Nadolol: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Nalbuphine: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as nalbuphine. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Nebivolol: (Moderate) Monitor for increased toxicity as well as increased therapeutic effect of nebivolol if coadministered with thiothixene. Nebivolol is metabolized by CYP2D6. Although data are lacking, CYP2D6 inhibitors, such as thiothixene, could potentially increase nebivolol plasma concentrations via CYP2D6 inhibition; the clinical significance of this potential interaction is unknown, but an increase in adverse effects is possible.
Nebivolol; Valsartan: (Moderate) Monitor for increased toxicity as well as increased therapeutic effect of nebivolol if coadministered with thiothixene. Nebivolol is metabolized by CYP2D6. Although data are lacking, CYP2D6 inhibitors, such as thiothixene, could potentially increase nebivolol plasma concentrations via CYP2D6 inhibition; the clinical significance of this potential interaction is unknown, but an increase in adverse effects is possible. (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Nicardipine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Nifedipine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Nimodipine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Nisoldipine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Nitroprusside: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Non-Ionic Contrast Media: (Major) Use of medications that lower the seizure threshold, such as thiothixene, should be carefully evaluated when considering intrathecal radiopaque contrast agents. Antipsychotics should be discontinued at least 48 hours before myelography and should not be resumed for at least 24 hours postprocedure.
Norepinephrine: (Major) The alpha-adrenergic effects of adrenergic agonists like norepinephrine, can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called 'epinephrine reversal,' which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction.
Nortriptyline: (Moderate) Concurrent use of thiothixene and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may result in additive anticholinergic effects, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension. Additive effects may be more pronounced when thiothixene is used with tertiary TCAs including amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, and trimipramine versus secondary TCAs such as desipramine, nortriptyline, and protriptyline.
Olanzapine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and other antipsychotics. Thiothixene use may be associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of thiothixene and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Olanzapine; Fluoxetine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and other antipsychotics. Thiothixene use may be associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of thiothixene and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Olanzapine; Samidorphan: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and other antipsychotics. Thiothixene use may be associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of thiothixene and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Oliceridine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like oliceridine with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Olmesartan: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Olmesartan; Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Olmesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Omeprazole; Amoxicillin; Rifabutin: (Major) Limited data suggest that rifampin can increase the metabolism or reduce the bioavailability of thiothixene. Dosage adjustments of thiothixene may be necessary following the addition of rifampin or another rifamycin (e.g., rifabutin, rifapentine).
Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate: (Major) Antacids may reduce the oral availablility of thiothixene. To avoid this, administer thiothixene at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Opicapone: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and COMT inhibitors may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic as an alternative to thiothixene. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Orphenadrine: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs, such skeletal muscle relaxants. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Oxycodone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like oxycodone with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Oxymorphone: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like oxymorphone with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Paliperidone: (Major) Coadministration of antipsychotics, including paliperidone and thiothixene, should be avoided if possible. Coadministration may increase the risk of adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Paroxetine: (Moderate) Monitor for an increase in paroxetine-related adverse reactions, including serotonin syndrome, if concomitant use with thiothixene is necessary. Concomitant use may increase paroxetine exposure. Paroxetine is a CYP2D6 substrate and thiothixene is a weak CYP2D6 inhibitor. Coadministration with a weak CYP2D6 inhibitor increased paroxetine overall exposure by 50%.
Pentazocine: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as pentazocine. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Pentazocine; Naloxone: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as pentazocine. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Pentobarbital: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as pentobarbital. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension. The pre-anesthesia administration of thiothixene may increase the hypotensive effects of barbiturate anesthetics. Due to a lowering of seizure threshold by thiothixene, adequate barbiturate therapy should be maintained, if administered for anticonvulsant purposes, when thiothixene is added.
Perindopril: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Perindopril; Amlodipine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Perphenazine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and the phenothiazine antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of phenothiazines and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone. Administration of thiothixene with antipsychotics that are metabolized by CYP2D6, such as phenothiazines, should be approached with great caution. Thiothixene has been shown to inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro and serum concentrations of phenothiazines may increase.
Perphenazine; Amitriptyline: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and the phenothiazine antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of phenothiazines and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone. Administration of thiothixene with antipsychotics that are metabolized by CYP2D6, such as phenothiazines, should be approached with great caution. Thiothixene has been shown to inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro and serum concentrations of phenothiazines may increase. (Moderate) Concurrent use of thiothixene and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may result in additive anticholinergic effects, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension. Additive effects may be more pronounced when thiothixene is used with tertiary TCAs including amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, and trimipramine versus secondary TCAs such as desipramine, nortriptyline, and protriptyline.
Phenelzine: (Moderate) Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and thiothixene may prolong or intensify the hypotensive, anticholinergic, or sedative effects of either agent. Due to the potential for additive CNS and cardiovascular effects, MAOIs and thiothixene should be used together cautiously.
Phenobarbital: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as phenobarbital. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension. The pre-anesthesia administration of thiothixene may increase the hypotensive effects of barbiturate anesthetics. Due to a lowering of seizure threshold by thiothixene, adequate barbiturate therapy should be maintained, if administered for anticonvulsant purposes, when thiothixene is added.
Phenobarbital; Hyoscyamine; Atropine; Scopolamine: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as phenobarbital. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension. The pre-anesthesia administration of thiothixene may increase the hypotensive effects of barbiturate anesthetics. Due to a lowering of seizure threshold by thiothixene, adequate barbiturate therapy should be maintained, if administered for anticonvulsant purposes, when thiothixene is added.
Phenothiazines: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and the phenothiazine antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of phenothiazines and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone. Administration of thiothixene with antipsychotics that are metabolized by CYP2D6, such as phenothiazines, should be approached with great caution. Thiothixene has been shown to inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro and serum concentrations of phenothiazines may increase.
Phenylephrine: (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Photosensitizing agents (topical): (Moderate) Thiothixene may increase the effects of photosensitizing agents used during photodynamic therapy. Patients receiving phenothiazines should avoid ultra-violet (UV) exposure whenever possible.
Pimozide: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and other antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of loxapine and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Pindolol: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Potassium-sparing diuretics: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Pramipexole: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and dopamine agonists may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic instead of thiothixene, if appropriate. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Pregabalin: (Moderate) Monitor for excessive sedation and somnolence during coadministration of thiothixene and pregabalin. Concurrent use may result in additive CNS depression.
Prilocaine; Epinephrine: (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction.
Primidone: (Moderate) Barbiturates such as primidone may have additive CNS depressant effects, such as sedation, with thiothixene. Antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, may lower the seizure threshold, resulting in an exacerbation of symptoms in patients with a seizure disorder. Due to a lowering of seizure threshold by thiothixene, adequate barbiturate therapy should be maintained, if administered for anticonvulsant purposes, when thiothixene is added.
Prochlorperazine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and the phenothiazine antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of phenothiazines and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone. Administration of thiothixene with antipsychotics that are metabolized by CYP2D6, such as phenothiazines, should be approached with great caution. Thiothixene has been shown to inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro and serum concentra tions of phenothiazines may increase.
Promethazine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and the phenothiazine antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of phenothiazines and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone. Administration of thiothixene with antipsychotics that are metabolized by CYP2D6, such as phenothiazines, should be approached with great caution. Thiothixene has been shown to inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro and serum concentrations of phenothiazines may increase.
Promethazine; Dextromethorphan: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and the phenothiazine antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of phenothiazines and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone. Administration of thiothixene with antipsychotics that are metabolized by CYP2D6, such as phenothiazines, should be approached with great caution. Thiothixene has been shown to inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro and serum concentrations of phenothiazines may increase.
Promethazine; Phenylephrine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and the phenothiazine antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of phenothiazines and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone. Administration of thiothixene with antipsychotics that are metabolized by CYP2D6, such as phenothiazines, should be approached with great caution. Thiothixene has been shown to inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro and serum concentrations of phenothiazines may increase. (Moderate) The alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine can be blocked during concurrent administration of thiothixene. This blockade can cause an apparently paradoxical condition called epinephrine reversal, which can lead to severe hypotension, tachycardia, and, potentially, myocardial infarction. Patients taking thiothixene can have reduced pressor response to phenylephrine.
Propafenone: (Major) Propafenone prolongs the QT interval. Combined use with thiothixene could lead to additive orthostatic hypotension and/or prolonged QT syndrome and torsade de pointes. If concomitant use unavoidable, use together with caution and close monitoring.
Propofol: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as general anesthetics. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Propranolol: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Propranolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible. (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Protriptyline: (Moderate) Concurrent use of thiothixene and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may result in additive anticholinergic effects, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension. Additive effects may be more pronounced when thiothixene is used with tertiary TCAs including amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, and trimipramine versus secondary TCAs such as desipramine, nortriptyline, and protriptyline.
Pseudoephedrine; Triprolidine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Pyrilamine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Quetiapine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and other antipsychotics. Thiothixene use may be associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of thiothixene and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Quinapril: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Quinapril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Ramipril: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Rasagiline: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and rasagiline may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic as an alternative to thiothixene. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Remifentanil: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like remifentanil with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Rifabutin: (Major) Limited data suggest that rifampin can increase the metabolism or reduce the bioavailability of thiothixene. Dosage adjustments of thiothixene may be necessary following the addition of rifampin or another rifamycin (e.g., rifabutin, rifapentine).
Rifampin: (Major) Limited data suggest that rifampin can increase the metabolism or reduce the bioavailability of thiothixene. Dosage adjustments of thiothixene may be necessary following the addition of rifampin or another rifamycin (e.g., rifabutin, rifapentine).
Rifamycins: (Major) Limited data suggest that rifampin can increase the metabolism or reduce the bioavailability of thiothixene. Dosage adjustments of thiothixene may be necessary following the addition of rifampin or another rifamycin (e.g., rifabutin, rifapentine).
Rifapentine: (Major) Limited data suggest that rifampin can increase the metabolism or reduce the bioavailability of thiothixene. Dosage adjustments of thiothixene may be necessary following the addition of rifampin or another rifamycin (e.g., rifabutin, rifapentine).
Risperidone: (Major) Co-administration of risperidone with thiothixene may increase the risk of adverse effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or seizures. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Ropinirole: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and dopamine agonists may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic instead of thiothixene, if appropriate. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Rotigotine: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and rotigotine may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic as an alternative to thiothixene. In addition, coadministration may result in additive sedation. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Sacubitril; Valsartan: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Safinamide: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and safinamide may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic as an alternative to thiothixene. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Secobarbital: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as secobarbital. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension. The pre-anesthesia administration of thiothixene may increase the hypotensive effects of barbiturate anesthetics. Due to a lowering of seizure threshold by thiothixene, adequate barbiturate therapy should be maintained, if administered for anticonvulsant purposes, when thiothixene is added.
Sedating H1-blockers: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Selegiline: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and selegiline may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic as an alternative to thiothixene. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Sevoflurane: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as general anesthetics. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs, such skeletal muscle relaxants. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Sodium Bicarbonate: (Major) Antacids may reduce the oral availablility of thiothixene. To avoid this, administer thiothixene at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after the antacid.
Solifenacin: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when thiothixene is used concomitantly with other drugs having anticholinergic activity such as solifenacin. Monitor for anticholinergic-related adverse effects such as constipation, blurred vision, and urinary retention during concurrent use.
Spironolactone: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Spironolactone; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Stiripentol: (Moderate) Monitor for excessive sedation and somnolence during coadministration of stiripentol and thiothixene. CNS depressants can potentiate the effects of stiripentol.
Sufentanil: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like sufentanil with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Tapentadol: (Moderate) Concomitant use of opioid agonists like tapentadol with thiothixene may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with thiothixene to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.
Telmisartan: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Telmisartan; Amlodipine: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Telmisartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Tetrabenazine: (Major) Concurrent use of thiothixene and tetrabenazine should generally be avoided since the risk of adverse effects such as drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or extrapyramidal symptoms may be increased.
Thalidomide: (Major) Avoid the concomitant use of thalidomide with antipsychotics due to the potential for additive sedative effects.
Thiazide diuretics: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Thioridazine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and the phenothiazine antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of phenothiazines and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone. Administration of thiothixene with antipsychotics that are metabolized by CYP2D6, such as phenothiazines, should be approached with great caution. Thiothixene has been shown to inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro and serum concentrations of phenothiazines may increase.
Tizanidine: (Moderate) Concurrent use of tizanidine and antipsychotics like thiothixene can cause additive CNS depression.
Tolcapone: (Major) Due to opposing effects on central dopaminergic activity, thiothixene and COMT inhibitors may interfere with the effectiveness of each other. Avoid concurrent use if possible and consider an atypical antipsychotic as an alternative to thiothixene. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor for changes in movement, moods, or behaviors.
Torsemide: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Tramadol: (Moderate) Monitor patients receiving tramadol and thiothixene for serious adverse events including seizures and serotonin syndrome, signs and symptoms that may reflect opioid toxicity, and opioid withdrawal. If thiothixene is discontinued, consider reducing tramadol dosage until stable drug effects are achieved. Monitor patients closely for adverse events including respiratory depression and sedation. Concomitant use of tramadol with thiothixene may result in an increase in tramadol plasma concentrations and a decrease in the concentrations of the active metabolite, M1. A decrease in M1 exposure in patients who have developed physical dependence to tramadol may result in signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal and reduced efficacy. The effect of increased tramadol concentrations may be an increased risk for serious adverse events including seizures and serotonin syndrome. Discontinuation of thiothixene may result in a decrease in tramadol plasma concentrations and an increase in active metabolite M1 concentrations, which could increase or prolong adverse reactions related to opioid toxicity and may cause potentially fatal respiratory depression. Also, concomitant use of tramadol increases the seizure risk in patients taking thiothixene. Tramadol is a CYP2D6 substrate, and thiothixene is a weak CYP2D6 inhibitor.
Tramadol; Acetaminophen: (Moderate) Monitor patients receiving tramadol and thiothixene for serious adverse events including seizures and serotonin syndrome, signs and symptoms that may reflect opioid toxicity, and opioid withdrawal. If thiothixene is discontinued, consider reducing tramadol dosage until stable drug effects are achieved. Monitor patients closely for adverse events including respiratory depression and sedation. Concomitant use of tramadol with thiothixene may result in an increase in tramadol plasma concentrations and a decrease in the concentrations of the active metabolite, M1. A decrease in M1 exposure in patients who have developed physical dependence to tramadol may result in signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal and reduced efficacy. The effect of increased tramadol concentrations may be an increased risk for serious adverse events including seizures and serotonin syndrome. Discontinuation of thiothixene may result in a decrease in tramadol plasma concentrations and an increase in active metabolite M1 concentrations, which could increase or prolong adverse reactions related to opioid toxicity and may cause potentially fatal respiratory depression. Also, concomitant use of tramadol increases the seizure risk in patients taking thiothixene. Tramadol is a CYP2D6 substrate, and thiothixene is a weak CYP2D6 inhibitor.
Trandolapril: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Trandolapril; Verapamil: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Tranylcypromine: (Moderate) Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and thiothixene may prolong or intensify the hypotensive, anticholinergic, or sedative effects of either agent. Due to the potential for additive CNS and cardiovascular effects, MAOIs and thiothixene should be used together cautiously.
Trazodone: (Moderate) Thiothixene can potentiate the CNS-depressant action of other drugs such as trazodone. Caution should be exercised during simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects or additive hypotension.
Treprostinil: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Triamterene: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Triamterene; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Tricyclic antidepressants: (Moderate) Concurrent use of thiothixene and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may result in additive anticholinergic effects, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension. Additive effects may be more pronounced when thiothixene is used with tertiary TCAs including amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, and trimipramine versus secondary TCAs such as desipramine, nortriptyline, and protriptyline.
Trifluoperazine: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and the phenothiazine antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of phenothiazines and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone. Administration of thiothixene with antipsychotics that are metabolized by CYP2D6, such as phenothiazines, should be approached with great caution. Thiothixene has been shown to inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro and serum concentrations of phenothiazines may increase.
Trimipramine: (Moderate) Concurrent use of thiothixene and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may result in additive anticholinergic effects, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension. Additive effects may be more pronounced when thiothixene is used with tertiary TCAs including amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, and trimipramine versus secondary TCAs such as desipramine, nortriptyline, and protriptyline.
Triprolidine: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when antipsychotics, such as thiothixene, are used concomitantly with other drugs such as sedating H1-blockers. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Triptorelin: (Major) Avoid coadministration of triptorelin with thiothixene due to the risk of reduced efficacy of triptorelin. Thiothixene can cause hyperprolactinemia, which reduces the number of pituitary gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors; triptorelin is a GnRH analog.
Trospium: (Moderate) Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when thiothixene is used concomitantly with other drugs having anticholinergic activity such as trospium. Monitor for anticholinergic-related adverse effects such as constipation, blurred vision, and urinary retention during concurrent use.
Valproic Acid, Divalproex Sodium: (Major) Thiothixene, when used concomitantly with various anticonvulsants, such as valproic acid, can increase CNS depression and also can lower the seizure threshold. Adequate dosages of anticonvulsants should be continued when thiothixene is added; patients should be monitored for clinical evidence of loss of seizure control or the need for dosage adjustments of either the neuroleptic or the anticonvulsant.
Valsartan: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Valsartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Vasodilators: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Verapamil: (Moderate) Thiothixene should be used cautiously in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. Additive hypotensive effects are possible.
Vigabatrin: (Major) Vigabatrin should not be used with thiothixene, which is associated with serious ophthalmic effects (e.g., retinopathy or glaucoma) unless the benefit of treatment clearly outweighs the risks.
Zaleplon: (Moderate) Coadministration of zaleplon and antipsychotics like thiothixene can result in additive CNS depressant effects. In premarketing studies, zaleplon potentiated the CNS effects of ethanol, imipramine, and thioridazine for at least 2 to 4 hours. A similar interaction may occur with other antipsychotics.
Ziprasidone: (Major) Caution is advisable during concurrent use of thiothixene and other antipsychotics. Thiothixene use has been associated with adverse events such as drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and seizures. These effects may be potentiated during concurrent use of loxapine and other antipsychotics. The likelihood of these pharmacodynamic interactions varies based upon the individual properties of the co-administered antipsychotic agent. Although the incidence of tardive dyskinesia from combination antipsychotic therapy has not been established and data are very limited, the risk appears to be increased during use of a conventional and atypical antipsychotic versus use of a conventional antipsychotic alone.
Zolpidem: (Moderate) Zolpidem and thiothixene may have cumulative effects on CNS depression when administered concurrently and they should be used together with caution. In addition, sleep-related behaviors, such as sleep-driving, are more likely to occur during concurrent use of zolpidem and other CNS depressants than with zolpidem alone.
Zonisamide: (Moderate) Zonisamide may cause decreased sweating (oligohidrosis), elevated body temperature (hyperthermia), heat intolerance, or heat stroke. The manufacturer recommends caution in using concurrent drug therapies that may predispose patients to heat-related disorders such as antipsychotics. Monitor patients for heat intolerance, decreased sweating, or increased body temperature if zonisamide is used with any of these agents.

Navane/Thiothixene Oral Cap: 1mg, 2mg, 5mg, 10mg

Adults

60 mg/day PO. Debilitated patients require lower dosages.

Geriatric

60 mg/day PO. Debilitated patients require lower dosages.

Adolescents

60 mg/day PO. Debilitated patients require lower dosages.

Children

12 years: 60 mg/day PO. Debilitated patients require lower dosages.
1 to 11 years: Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Infants

Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Mechanism of Action: Thiothixene blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic system and increases dopamine turnover by blockade of the D2 somatodendritic autoreceptor. After approximately 12 weeks of chronic therapy, depolarization blockade of dopamine tracts occurs. The decrease in dopamine neurotransmission has been found to correlate with the antipsychotic effects. This D2 blockade is also responsible for the potent extrapyramidal effects observed with this drug. Dopamine blockade in the chemoreceptor trigger zone accounts for the antiemetic effects. Thiothixene possesses weak anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking effects. Blockade of alpha1-adrenergic receptors produces sedation; muscle relaxation; and cardiovascular effects such as hypotension, reflex tachycardia, and minor changes in ECG patterns.

Thiothixene is administered orally. Distribution is extensive, and the drug can be detected in the body for several weeks after use. Protein binding is 90%. Metabolism takes place in the liver, but large amounts of drug are excreted with metabolites in the feces, via the bile. Although thiothixene is primarily metabolized by CYP1A2, no specific metabolites have been noted. The elimination is biphasic, with an initial half-life of 3.4 hours and a terminal half-life of 34 hours.
 
Affected cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoenzymes and drug transporters: CYP1A2
Thiothixene is a major substrate of CYP1A2. Data from a small retrospective study indicated that tobacco smokers had a higher clearance of thiothixene than non-smokers. In addition, the daily dose of thiothixene was an average of 45% higher in the smoking group than the non-smoking group. In the same study, use with CYP1A2 enzyme-inducing drugs, including carbamazepine and phenytoin, also resulted in a significant increase in clearance. Thiothixene has been shown to weakly inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro; however, the clinical significance is unknown.

Oral Route

Following oral administration, the absorption of thiothixene is erratic, with an approximate 50% bioavailability. Peak concentrations occur 1 to 2 hours following a dose.

Pregnancy

Although no breast-feeding recommendations are available from the manufacturer of thiothixene, related antipsychotics such as phenothiazines are excreted into human breast milk. Therefore, thiothixene should be avoided during breast-feeding if clinically possible. Thiothixene may induce hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea, and thus may interfere with proper lactation. Due to individual variability in response to antipsychotics, it may be prudent to continue the existing regimen if ongoing treatment is deemed necessary during breast-feeding; however, alternate medications for consideration include atypical agents such as olanzapine or quetiapine. Data regarding the safety of atypical antipsychotics during breast-feeding are limited and chronic administration of any antipsychotic during breast-feeding should be avoided if possible. Regardless of the antipsychotic used, the nursing infant should be closely monitored for excessive drowsiness, lethargy, and developmental delays. Combination treatment with antipsychotics may increase the risk of these adverse events. Consider the benefits of breast-feeding, the risk of potential infant drug exposure, and the risk of an untreated or inadequately treated condition. If a breast-feeding infant experiences an adverse effect related to a maternally ingested drug, healthcare providers are encouraged to report adverse effects to the FDA.